Bides and 3Iisri(les in Chtssificafion. — 3I((rroii. 39 
taining a special fauna. The result of that misrule was a 
complete stop of progress for the Lower Paleozoic rocks of 
North America from 1847 until 1860, and even many years 
after, notwithstanding the researches and publications not 
only of Emmons, but also of Barrande, Killings and the pres- 
ent writer. 
The misrule adopted by the opponents of the Taconic sys- 
tem operates still; in a less degree, it is true, but it is suffi- 
ciently strong to create great confusion in the classification 
of those strata in the Appalachian region, New England, New- 
York, Canada and western Newfoundland. In including 
Canada I do not mean the whole Canada Dominion, but only 
the old Canada or Province of Quebec; for in New Brunswick 
and Nova Scotia excellent and very remarkably good work of 
classification and correlation, based on exact paheontology 
and also on the stratigraphy, has been done bj^ Mr. G. F. 
Matthew. 
The mistakes are still so important and so numerous that 
it is necessary to see each case and point out how tiie rules of 
paheontological classification and correlation or equivalency, 
as well as the principles of stratigraphy and lithology have 
been violated and misused. 
The Georgia formation or ElUptocephalus (called some- 
times Olenelhis) zone. 
After a study of the fossiliferous locality of Georgia, Ver- 
mont, and its vicinity, the present writer classified the Geor- 
gia formation with its characteristic EUiptocejihalvs {Olenel- 
his) thonipsoni as the upper part of the Middle Taconic 
(called by some Middle Cambrian, not of the original Cam- 
brian of Sedgwick), and placed it above the St. John forma- 
tion of New Brunswick, Massachusetts and Newfoundland, so 
well characterized paheontologically by its numerous and 
large Parddoxides. We must add, that the direct superposition 
of the beds containing FAliplocepJudns [Olenelhis) over the 
beds containing Paradoxides has not yet been found anywJjere 
round Georgia, nor in the whole Appalachian and Quebec 
regions. The classification was made paUieontologically ; and 
one of the best and most exact paUeontologists, the late S.W, 
Ford, did go so far as to show the embryologic relations of 
Elliplocephalus (Olenelhis) with Parndoxides; Elh'ploceph<(lus 
