Rules and 3Iisrules in Classification. — JIarcon. 118 
instead of being above. And another great difference also ex- 
ists as regards the C-alciferovis, which is not considered as 
the equivalent of the Phillipsburgh series. Here is the classi- 
fication given by Mr. Henry M. Ami, the paleontologist of 
the Canadian Survey (Annual Be2)ort, Geol. Suro. of Canada, 
vol. VII, new series, p. 113, April, 1896, Ottawa). 
Lorraine. 
Utiea. 
Trenton, including Black River. 
Quebec-City formation. 
PhillipsVjurgh formation. 
Chazy formation. 
Calciferous formation, 
Potsdam sandstone. 
How the Geological Survey of Canada contrives to place 
between the Trenton, including the Black River, and the Cha- 
zy formation — at onl}'^ a few -miles distance from Chazy vil- 
lage — the live thousand feet of the Quebec- City and S wanton 
formation, and the eighteen hundred feet of the Phillipsburgh 
series, is not explained and so far is a complete mystery, against 
all rules of classification. However, we must be tliankful to 
Mr, Ami that he did not correlate the Quebec-City formation 
as the equivalent of the Trenton, or as belonging to the Utica 
or Lorraine, as it has been placed for so many 3'^ears in the 
previous publications of the Canadian Survey. It is a pro- 
gress due to the exertion of Mr. Ami, however faulty his clas- 
sification is even now, which shows how difficult it is to come 
to a rational and exact classification, when misled by errone- 
ous interpretation of palseontoiogy and stratigraphy. 
The Stockbridge Limestone at Rutland. 
Now we come to another irregular and erroneous classifica- 
tion made against all rules ; it is the Stockbridge limestone 
described in a paper entitled, "On the Lower Cambrian age of 
the Stockbridge Limestone" (Bull. Geol. Sac. America, vol.11, 
pp. 331-338, Rochester, March, 1891). 
The age of the strata at Rutland (Vermont) is made out by 
a wrong interpretation and use of palaeontology, without the 
support of any description and figures of species and with 
the smallest amount of fossil remains imaginable. First, with 
only a few specimens — all in fragments — belonging to the 
genera Kiitoryina, Salterella and Lingula, the author, Mr. J. 
