Ilules and 3I/S7'iiles /n Classlfirotirm. — Jfarcou. 119 
nized the exactness of the synchronism. But in America spe- 
cial researches were made under the LI. S. Geological Survey 
by order of Dr. F. V. Haydeii ; and his associate, Mr. Meek, 
made a "Report on the Palaeontology of Eastern Nebraska," 
l)uhlished in the Final Report of the United Statei^ GeoUxjical 
Surcei/ of Nebraska, Washington, 1872, in which he opposed 
the classification of the series of strata at the Nebraska city 
landing made by the present writer and professor Hans Bruno 
Geinitz, and after long discussions, filling fifty pages, Meek 
came to the conclusion that "these rocks belong to the Coal 
Measures." It took twenty-two years to show the error, and 
it is only in 1894 that at last Mr. Charles S. Prosser, in his 
paper, "Kansas River section of the Permo-Carboniferous and 
Permian Rocks of Kansas" [Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. vol. vi, 
pp. 29-54), confirms inj determination of the age of the Ne- 
braska series from the mouth of the Platte river to the Ne- 
braska city landing, saying at p. 50. that professor Tscher- 
nyshew of St. Petersburg and of the Geological Survey of 
Russia, after a visit to Nebraska assured him that both faunal 
and lithologic characters can be duplicated in the Permian of 
Russia. It is. one of those too numerous misrules of strati- 
graphic classification and correlation, entirely unjustifiable 
and unnecessary, and made against plain facts well pointed 
out stratigraphicall}', paheontologically and lithologicall}'^, 
but disregarded by the leaders of American geology, making 
wrong use of rules and principles so firmly established by 
('Livier, Alex. Brongniart and William Smith. 
Jura. 
During the exploration for a Pacific railroad route by the 
85th degree of latitude north, in 1853, the present writer, after 
recording the existence of the New Red sandstone, on a vast 
surface between Delaware mount (Indian Territory) and the 
Llano Estacado, met at the Tucuracari area, in New Mexico, 
a formation of white sandstone strata, in concordance of 
stratification upon the New Red, containing no fossils. But 
above the mass of white sandstone — more than one hundred 
feet thick — he met at the base of a formation of blue clay, a 
bed entirely filled up with a Grypluna of the group of Grypha'a 
dihttata of the Oxford clay of England and France, which he 
called Gryphoia tacumcarii. Naturally he correlated the white 
