Evidence of GIdciation in Labrador. — Tarr. 195 
abound; and the condition of tlie rock is likewise proof of ice 
action : for, although much post-glacial weathering has oc- 
curred, there is an absence of the quantities of decayed ro(?k 
and talus that would be present in a region which had long 
been exposed to the weather. Glacial strite of distinct kind 
were not seen ; the weathering of the exposed rocks having 
been too great for them to remain^ Some broad and rather 
deep grooves, apparently of this origin, extended N. 50''-60'^ 
E. (magnetic), and this coincides with the direction of the ice 
movement as determined by the form of the moutonnees hills. 
In the valleys there are deposits of glacial material, but till 
is so scarce that the surface is almost entirely either bare rock, 
or else blocks of gneiss derived by post-glacial frost action.* 
Transported pebbles of quartzite, slate, and fossiliferous lime- 
stone were frequently found on the hills and in the valleys, 
but the time at our disposal w')uld not permit us to trace these 
to their source. 
Cumberland soiuid, Ihtffin Land. Very nearly the same con- 
ditions were present in Cumberland sound, though the details 
of the pre-glacial topography are perhaps even more perfectly 
preserved. The surface of the hills is extremely irregular, 
and valleys and ridges of minute size, distinctly of pre-glacial 
origin, abound. On this part of Baffin land also, the glacier 
extended at least as high as 700 feet, and nothing in the topog- 
raphy indicated that the ice did not cover even tiie highest 
hills that could be seen. It was astonishing to find how little 
effect in smoothing the surface was accomplished by the ice 
invasion of this land; but very nearly the same condition ex- 
ists on those parts of the Greenland coast, which were studied 
in detail. It is noticeable near Cumbejland sound, as well as 
inTurnavik, and in Hudson's strait, and indeed in Greenland, 
that there are many basins of small size, surrounded entirely 
by rock. While some of these have no doubt been scoured 
out by differential ice erosion, the position of many of them 
along the line of weaker rocks, indicates that they represent 
differential pre-glacial weathering. The advance of the ice in 
these cases has served to remove the decayed rock, and perhaps 
*ThiB notable absence of drift deposits is found throufi;hout the north- 
ern regions so far visited. For some reason the ice that passed over 
these did not have much drift, just as now, the Greenland glaciers are 
not heavily laden. 
