Review of Recent Geoloyical LiteratAire. 215 
evidence of superior age, and is also found to underlie a basal conglom- 
erate of the Niagara period, hence the formation is pre-Niagara. It is 
also the oldest formation on the islands. 
The Niagara sediments occupy an insignificant area on North Haven 
island, and a still smaller area on Stimpson's island, but have proved 
on account of their fossiliferous character, of extreme value in deter- 
mining the ages of the geologic series of the islands. The best section 
is on North Haven island and is given below in descending order: 
Sandy shale and quartzite 65 feet 
Concealed 70 " 
Grey shale 49 '• 
Conglomerate and shale 12 " 
Red shale 55 " 
Conglomerate 1 " 
Red shale 10 " 
Grey shale 37 " 
Concealed 17 " 
Grey shale and limestone 71 " 
Quartz-porphyry, intrusive sheet 10 '* 
Concealed 16 " 
Grey limestone and shale 104 " 
Grit, coral fragments 1^4 " 
Sandy limestone 4 " 
Concealed 42 " 
Basal conglomerate 16 " 
58GI4 .feet 
The formation possesses a steep southerly dip and a general strike be- 
tween N. 85° E. and N. 40° E. Some eighty fossil species have been 
studied by Beecher and are distributed through the following classes: 
Hydrozoa (3), Actinozoa (12), Criuoidea (2), Annelida (2), Trilobita (3), 
Ostracoda (3), Bryozoa (2), Brachiopoda (27), Pelecypoda (6), Gastropo- 
da (6), Pteropoda (1) and Cephalopoda (8). This fauna includes a few 
characteristic Clinton species and a larger proportion of Niagara spec- 
ies. On this evidence the fossiliferous rocks of North Haven are con- 
sidered "as representing a faunal equivalent to the Clinton and Niagara, 
with a decidedly strong Niagara facies."' 
An interesting suggestion by the author is that the color (jf the red 
shales is not due, as is frequently the case, to the absence of an attri- 
tion sufficient to separate the coating of ferric oxide from material de- 
rived from subaerial decay of crystalline rocks, but that it is due to 
the presence of tufaceous material deposited in shallow water. Thus 
the red shales are the earliest evidence of volcanic activity on the is- 
lands. 
The Calderwood's Neck schists comprise a series of quartzitic 
slates, banded Schists and massive quartzites, and occupy the northern 
half of Calderwood's neck. Contact phases of the Calderwood's Neck 
series in proximity to the granitic and volcanic rocks are represented by 
felsites. This series is composed of non-fossiliferous, metamorphosed 
sediments, and. while it is impossible to determine their age relative to 
the Niagara series, they seem to be an older formation deposited under 
distinctly different conditions. 
