BeJatlon of Lafayette Uplift to Glaciation. — Upham. 339 
the crustal oscillations and drift accumulations of the Glacial 
period. 
J. D.Dana: "Manual of Geology," 4th ed., p. 947 ; Dana 
seems to have modified his views to agree with those of 
Claypole, Spencer and others. 
J. LeConte: "Elements of Geology," 4th ed., p. 584. : The 
opinion expressed in 1891 remains unchanged. 
W. Upham: '-Origin and Age of the Laiirentian Lakes 
and of Niagara Falls," Amer. Geol., vol. xviii, pp. 169-177: 
Upham sums up the probable truth in the following words: 
"It seems not improbable that the warping and deformation 
of the land surface enclosed and changed into land-locked 
basins some parts of the Tertiary river valleys of the Lau- 
rentian lakes area, so that these lakes may have begun to 
exist in some form before the Ice Age," p. 171. 
RELATION OF THE LAFAYETTE OR OZARKIAN 
UPLIFT OF NORTH AMERICA TO GLACIATION. 
By Waeren Upuam, St. Paul, Minn. 
The Lafayette Period, including the Ozarkian Epoch, 
REFERABLE TO THE QUATERNARY ErA, 
On account of the new order of geologic conditions which 
prevailed in the Lafayette period, namely, extensive deposi- 
tion of gravel, sand, and loam, on the coastal plain of the 
southern Atlantic and Gulf states, and, closely succeeding, a 
great and general uplift, with extensive and deep erosion of 
the Lafayette and underljnngbeds, I concur with Hilgard and 
others in referring the Lafayette ])eriod to the early part of 
the Quaternary era. Before that time, through the long Ter- 
tiary era, our eastern part of the continent had long been com- 
paratively undisturbed by epeirogenic movements; but, begin- 
ning with the Lafayette period, these movements have been 
the most notable geologic events during all Quaternary time 
to the present day, first causing the accumulation of great 
sheets of snow and ice. and afterward making them melt 
away. 
From their relations to the great Quaternary epeirogenic 
movements, the epoch of the deposition of the Lafayette for- 
mation, and the closely ensuing epoch of great elevation and 
