360 The American Geologist. May. 1S97 
say from the observations thus far made, that none of these is any high- 
er. It is interesting to note that the Hades creek bed and the Beaver 
bed, the two in which the plum-y)udding structure has been especially 
noticed, are both in the upper division of the vipper series of the Permi- 
an; but I have elswhere noticed the occurrence of dark and transpar- 
ent crystals in the gypsum of the Cave Ci'eek formation on the Cimar- 
ron river and Salt fork. 
On the Cimarron drainage, Kiger rocks outcrop at intervals dtsep down 
in the valley of Crooked creek, appearing farthest up the latter oppo- 
site Boyer's ranch, nine or ten miles below Meade, where it forms a low 
bank at the foot of the east incline of the valley. These rocks undoubt- 
edly underlie the "Salt well" southeast of Meade at no very great depth. 
They outcrop for a considerable distance in Slick canyon, a dry branch 
on the south side of the Cimarron river, west of Taintor's creek. This 
is the most westerly occurrence of the Kiger that I have seen in the 
south side of the Cimarron valley. 
It was formerly thought that a remnant of the Kiowa shales might 
possibly be found covering the Kiger rocks on the upper-middle part of 
the Big Sandy creek drainage; but such is not the case. On this drain- 
age the Kiger is everywhere overlaid with fresh-water Neocene rocks 
which are largely calcareous sandstones, but which sometimes (as on 
the right bluff of the creek, near the mouth of Gyp creek) consist of 
peculiar yellowish-green and chocolate-colored clays, there being an en- 
tire absence of the Kiowa formation in Kansas west of the interval be- 
tween Big and Little basins. So far as observed, the covering of the 
herein-described Kiger rocks of the eastern part of Beaver county, Ok- 
lahoma, is also Neocene. 
The Red Bluff Formation. — Below the brow-rock, the entire body 
of the Red hills (sometimes and more fittingly called '-the Red bluffs"') 
south-southeast of Watonga, Oklahoma, belongs to the Red Bluff for- 
mation. These hills rise 200 feet or more above the North Canadian 
river, 150 feet of which is in the bluff proper and the remainder in the 
basal slope. But the character of the Red Bluff formation as found in 
these hills, differs from that seen in Kansas, At the Red hills the up- 
per 50 or more feet of the foi-mation consists of relatively firm red sand- 
stone, laid in courses two to four feet thick, and locally charged with 
concretionary balls of iron-sandstone, some of which have been set free 
from the inclosing rock by the dissolving of a peripheral layer and rattle 
in their spherical cavities as one handles a piece of the rock containing 
them. 
On Two-mile creek, in the southeastern part of Meade county, Kansas, 
the summit of the Red Bluff formation does not show the bright red 
color that marks the body of this formation further eastward; but this 
color appears at a little lower level in the bed of the creek, in one of the 
"squared-off " banks of fine marly-textured sandstone so characteristic 
of the Red Bluff in Clark, Comanche and Barber counties. 
. The formation is more or less saliferous. Manifestations of this are 
seen in the salt efflorescence on rocks in the bed of Johns and other 
