Current. Action in the Ordocician. — Ruedemann. 375 
The rhabdosomes pointed in one layer N. 55 65 degrees E.: in another 
in directions in the neighborhood of N. 65 degrees E. 
A small outcrop about a mile north of Dolgeville deserves to be men- 
tioned because the outcropping shale belongs to a higher horizon, in 
which the limestone intercalations of the lower Utica shale are ab- 
sent. 
On top there are found numerous layers with Dijitograptus 2>>'i^fi'^- 
The fossils are excellently parallel and lie in N. 65 degrees E. direction. 
Several layers with mud-flow structure occur below. The latter con- 
sists here in the presence of elliptical projections with a system of cres- 
ent-shaped, transverse wrinkles on the eastern end. The whole indi- 
cates a flow of water from N. 85 degrees E. 
A layer with trilobite fragments. Bearing, N. 60-70 degrees E. 
A layer with Diplograptuii priHtis. Bearing, N. 60-70 degrees E. 
Eight layers densely covered with parallel fragments, especially 
pleura of Tridrthrus. Bearing N. 60 degrees E. 
Layer with Diplograpiin^ priHtis. Bearing, due east. 
Layer with trilobite fragments. Bearing, N. 48 degrees E. 
Layer with Diplograptus prist is. Bearing, N. 50 degrees E. 
The average of the readings taken in this exposure is N. 63 
degrees E. 
After the above described observations and others had 
shown that throughout the series of shales observable in the 
neighborhood of Dolgeville, there are indications of a constant 
E. N. E.-W. S.W. flow of the water which deposited the shale, 
the writer extended his observations to other localities of 
Utica shale in this part of the state, occasionally also visiting 
the well known strata outcro])s of Hudson River shale at 
Schodack landing, Norman's kill. Cohoes and Waterford. 
None of the latter, however, were able to furnish an}' indica- 
tions of a motion of the depositing water, on account of the 
highly folded condition of the rocks. 
One exposure of Hudson River rocks deserves mention, that 
is at Shear'' s Blue-stone Quumj near Schenectady ^ where some 
interesting indications as to the water-flow in the Hudson 
River epoch could be obtained. Between the heavy banks of 
blue stone, intercalations of a black shining shale occur, 
which are characterised by a very distinct mud- flow struc- 
ture. Whitfield* descril)ed the same as follows : "One pe- 
culiar feature * * * is the appearance as of flowing mud 
suddenly fixed and hardened on the harder layers, the old de- 
pression between the folds being filled with fine mud shale 
♦Wheeler Exp. West of the 100th Mer., iv. Pt. 1, Pal; p. 19. 
