376 The American GeoIor/isL JiHie,l897 
partings, upon which the layers separate with eh^an sur- 
faces." 
In one part of the quarry the flow structure indicated a flow from 
due north on top, and one from N. 15 degrees in the next deeper interca- 
lation. Huge ripple marks, running N. 28 degrees W. and in the next 
underlying bank N. 25 degrees W., appear there. A deeper shale ex- 
hibited again a distinct flow structure with the flow coming from N. 25 
degrees E. 
Another intercalation contained a small form of DiplograptuH (ef. 
inarcidus Hall), the rhabdosomes of which were generally arranged in 
N. 10 degrees E., and in another intercalation in N. 16 degrees E., while 
the underlying bank was marked by wide parallel rills, probably, ripple 
marks, running N. 10 degrees W. At the bottom of that part of the 
quarry, ripple marks running N. 45 degrees E., appear again. 
In another part of the quarry, flow structure could be observed in 
two succeeding intercalations, running due north and N. 28 degrees E. 
Though the composition of the rocks and the ripple marks 
indicate that these strata were deposited in shallow water 
and that therefore the conditions since the deposition of the 
Utica shale had changed, it seems as if there was still a pre- 
vailing motion of water coming from a little east of north 
(average N. 13 degrees E.) or from the site of the Lake 
Champlain valley. 
The next locality visited by the writer was the Schoharie 
Kill near Fort Hunter. 
A large boulderof black shale, fullof siculae and other stages of growth 
of Diplograptus jjristis was found in the river bed. The fossils pointed 
in all directions, as they mostly do, where the young are found. At the 
base of the outcrop of Utica shale on the right bank near Diemendorf's 
farm, a layer is exjjosed which contains Cliniacugraptus ty2)ic((Iis and 
fragments of a bryozoan. Both kinds of fossils are arranged in N. 55 de- 
grees E. direction. The superjacent layer showed the same fossils ar- 
ranged between N. 30 degrees E. and N. 60 degrees E., while the grap- 
tolites in the following layers, some of which were rich in specimens of 
('liniacograptuH typicalin, showed no arrangement. 
The average of the few indications of a directing force is 
]S'. 50 degrees E. 
The next large outcrop of Utica shale in the Mohawk val- 
ley was found in the Flat creek, ne((r Spraken^. 
In following the gulf one leasees at first over Trenton limestone. The 
boundary between the Trenton and Utica terranes is not well exposed. 
The first layer with Diplograptua printiH shows a distinct N. 70 degrees 
E. direction in the fossils, the next a N. 60 degrees E. direction. 
