878 The American Geologist. June, is97 
A remarkable series of layers was found below the mouth of the Ox- 
tungo creek. The layers are comi)letely covered and striated by paral- 
lel rhabdosomes of Diplogruplus pristia, which point in the successive 
layers: N. 60 degrees E., due N.. due E., N.40 degrees E., N. GO degrees 
E.,then a layer with Climacogvaptus biconiis in different growth stages 
and no direction followed. The surprising angle of 90 degrees between 
twolayei-s, only a few inches apart and the change in the fossils indi- 
cate the very slow manner of deposition of this material. It seems also 
that the changes in the direction of the flowing water caused the sepa- 
ration into the thin layers. The average of the directions, on account 
of the abnormal northern direction, on one layer, is only N. 63 degrf^es 
E. 
On Oxtungo creeJc, a layer with Eadoceras shells, which pointed with 
the apices to N. 70-80 degrees E., was found. It was covered by a layer 
with excellently preserved specimens of jC'ZiJuactig/apitfs bicoj'jus in a N. 
70 degrees E. direction, while a few superjacent layers, which were 
sufficiently exposed, and contained specimens of Climacograptus bicor- 
»is and a few young of Conularia gracilis, showed no arrangement. 
On Fuhnrr creek, neai" Mohaivk shales were found containing Clima- 
cograptus tyjncalis, which pointed to N. 50-60 degrees E., then due 
north, then N. 80 degrees E. (only the majority of the rhabdosomes, and 
many exceptions), then N. 85 degrees E., then a layer with rhabdo- 
somes of Z)^pZo{7ro^9^^^6■ p?'«'sfis in a general N. 80 degrees E. direction 
was found; then again a layer witli Climacograptus typicab's; the fos- 
sils were arranged in a N. 40-80 degrees E. direction. 
Farther up, several other small exposures with Climacograptus typi- 
calis were observed which did not show any arrangement. 
The average of the readings is in the neighborhood of N. 70 de- 
grees E. 
In the Deerfield ravine (Real's creek) north of Utica, the writer found 
Utica shale rich in speci^nens of Climacograptus typicalis which gave 
the following readings in the layers met in following up the creek: S. 80 
degrees E. (many exceptions), N. 80 degree.s E., S. 65 degrees E., S. 70 
degrees E., S. 65 degrees E., N. 40 degrees E., S. 85 degrees E., then a 
layer with colonies of Climacograptus typicalis and no direction, then 
a general arrangement to S. 65 degrees E. and to N. 60-80 degrees E. 
At another exposure farther up the creek, the basal layers showed 
no direction, after which followed a layer with S. 60 degrees E., then 
two layers with a few colonies and detached rhabdosomes, the latter 
pointing to S. 65 degrees E. , then a layer with graptolites distinctly ar- 
ranged in S. 60 degrees E. and finally one exhibiting a N. 80 degrees E. 
direction. 
In a third exposure many layei's were measured which exhibited the 
numerous specimens of Climacograptus typiccdis in directions ranging 
from N. 80 degrees E. to S. 50 degrees E. 
The characteristic features of the exposures near Deerfield are that. 
1st — the fossils are not so strictly parallel as in the middle part of the 
Mohawk valley, that the directing force, therefore, apparently was 
