44 Geology as a means of culture — A. Winchell. 
few fossils occur as casts, but, being illy preserved and difficult 
to obtain, are not likely to be much sought for. 
Above the kS". 'planoconvexus layer, w^hich is nearly always a 
well marked horizon, the fossils are quite plentiful, but the 
finer features of their external structure and ornamentation are 
generally obscured by adhering grains of earthy matter, or thin 
deposits of lime. Many also are silicified. Among a large 
number of the species which have been mentioned as character- 
istic of the division in Ohio, there are several which, so far as 
known, occur there only very rarely, or not at all, yet are very 
abundant in the Kentucky exposures. Of these Rhynchonella 
f ring ilia Billings ( Orthis linneyi James), Helicotoina helena 
(Bill. sp. ), Ptilodictya hilli^ Amplexopora cingtdaJa^ Hetero- 
spongia subramosa axi(S. Cyrtoceras conoidale should be men- 
tioned. Most of these species occur in beds which I hold to be 
very nearl}'^ equivalent to those exposed in the Cincinnati hills 
at an elevation of about 350 to 360 feet above low water mark.. 
(To ie continued.) 
GEOLOGY AS A MEANS OF CULTURE. 
BY ALEXANDER WINCHELL. 
I. 
I. Introductory. 
The editorial management of the American Geologist an- 
nounced in the Prospectus, as an important feature, the intended 
publication of matter expressly suited to the needs of teachers 
of geology. Their plans also, embraced the presentation of 
views setting forth the true relation of Geology to educational 
work, and to general intelligence. It was believed such efforts 
would commend the science to all teachers and readers; and 
enlarge its acceptance and influence in the field of education. 
In view of the needs of teachers, it is intended to offer synopses, 
expositions, analyses, tables, schemes and other devices and 
matters of j^ractical utility in the processes of instruction; and 
for this purpose, the editorial board anxiously await the acces- 
sion of sufficient financial support to justify the employment of 
