Geology as a means of culture — A . Winchell. 45 
illustrations on a generous scale. They believe the profession 
of teachers will respond to their efforts. 
The editorial board are aware that a "departure" of this kind 
may be regarded as compromising the scientific standing of the 
journal. They hear it said there are too many popularizers 
-dealing with scientific material at second hand; and that we 
want many more investigators and more original contributions. 
The wi'iter of this is also of the opinion that original work 
should be actively and directly promoted; but with the founder 
of the Smithsonian Institution, he perceives that the best inter- 
ests of science demand that knowledge be "diffused" as well as 
"increased." The diffusion of knowledge promotes its increase 
by multiplying the number brought into position to contribute 
by money and brains toward effecting the increase. When 
•the diffusion is extended into the ranks of intelligent teachers, 
the best possible conditions of increase are brought into exis- 
tence. 
In the January Number of The Geologist, was inserted under 
the general head of Editorial Comment a note entitled, "Geology 
in the Educational Struggle for Existence." It was intended to 
point out the nature of the rivalry which tends to restrain, es- 
pecially in certain universities, that advance of geological studies 
which their inherent relative importance would lead us to ex- 
pect. That note simply pointed out a state of the facts. How 
greatly the interests of education and general culture are made 
to suffer by the existence of such a state of facts the writer did 
not undertake to show. But the exposure of the facts ought to 
be followed by an exposure of their wrong and imreasonable- 
ness, and the injury which they inflict on the cause of education 
— an injury inflicted at such a stage of educational development 
as to result in permanent malformation and deformity. The 
present writer will attempt, therefore, to carry the discussion to 
its natural development, and will begin, in the present article, 
a candid examination of the relation which geological study 
sustains to symmetrical culture. To the positions here taken he 
invites the thoughtful attention of all teachers and all geologists. 
3. What is meant by Culture? 
It is considered educational orthodoxy to maintain thateduca- 
