QUATERNARY AND RECENT. 303 
necessarily two time divisions. The highest locality of fossils is 
at Murray Bay ; on the north side of the St. Lawrence, 600 feet, 
and at Montreal the height is 520 feet. At the first locality the 
marine beds connect with sands and gravels washed out of the till 
of what Dawson concedes to have been a glacier, running S.E. 
At Little Riviere du Loup the fossil beds are capped by a deposit 
containing boulders 15 feet througlv In Vermont the marine 
clays nearly reach 400 feet above the sea, and received from 
the reporter the name of Champlain in 1861. E. Desor had 
still earlier proposed the name of Lawrencian for these beds; 
but as the closely related name of Laurentian had in the mean- 
time been applied to the most ancient crystalline rocks by Sir W. 
E, Logan, and almost universally adopted, it seemed best to the 
reporter to suggest the name of Champlain from a typical locality 
in his field of labor. Both authors agreed that these marine beds 
overlay the unmodified drift (lower till) and hence were coeval 
with the tumultuous aquatic deposits of the later Quaternary. 
Before this time E. Desor claimed that the Lawrencian beds 
were the equivalent of the Post-Pliocene of the South, and that 
the most northern relic of the Post-Pliocene was at Pt. Shirley. 
Using Dr. A. S. Packard's terms, the Virginian fauna which now 
does not pass Cape Cod, extended to Pt. Shirley, where it was 
replaced by the Syrtensian or Labrador fauna, not now found on 
the shore south of northern Newfoundland. The present Aca- 
dian fauna, now prevailing from Cape Cod to Cape Breton, was 
recognized by Packard between Saco River and Pt. Shirley, 
The southern extension of the Labrador climate was due to the 
land ice. 
The reporter believes the following conclusions to be legiti- 
mate : 1. The Plistocene of the South and the Champlain beds 
of the North are identical, just as the Virginian, Acadian and 
Syrtensian faunas of to-day are identical. The animals now vary 
specifically because of different physical conditions. 2. The 
southern deposits may represent the whole of the Plistocene, and 
so may the Champlain, since it underlies till in Massachusetts, 
is interglacial at Portland, Maine, and is usually superior to the 
boulder clay in the St. Lawrence valley. 3. The lowest till does 
not represent the beginning of the glacial age, since a long time 
must have elapsed before the ice could have reached its southern 
limits from its remote origin. 4. The laud was depressed in 
