Sketch of Henry Carvill Lewis — UpJiam. 375 
the British ice-sheets, which Lewis traced across southern Ire- 
land from Tralee on the west to the Wicklow mountains and 
Bray Head south-east of Dublin; through the western, southern 
and south-eastern portions of Wales; northward by Manchester 
and along the Pennine Chain to the south-east edge of West- 
moreland,thence south-east to York and again northward nearly 
to the mouth of the Tees, and thence south-eastward along the 
high coast of the North Sea to Flamborough Head and the 
mouth of the H amber. It is a just cause for national pride that 
two geologists of the United States, Lewis in Great Britain in 
1886, and Salisbury* the next year in Germany, have been the 
first to discover the terminal moraines of the ice-sheets of 
Europe, Like the great moraines of the interior of the United 
States, those of both England and Germany lie far north of the 
southern limit of the drift. 
Another very important announcement by Prof. Lewis relates 
to the marine shells, mostly in fragments and often worn and 
striated, found in morainic deposits and associated kames 1,100 
to 1,350 feet above the sea on Three Rock mountain near Dublin, 
on Moel Tryfan in northern Wales, and near Macclesfield in 
Cheshire, which have been generally considered by British geol- 
ogists as proof of marine submergence to the depth of at least 
1,350 feet. These shells and fragments of shells, as Lewis has 
shown, were transported to their present position by the cur- 
rents of the confluent ice-sheet which flowed southward from 
Scotland and northern Ireland, passing over the bottom of the 
Irish sea, there plowing up its marine deposits and shells, and 
carrying them upward as glacial drift to these elevations, so 
that they afford no testimony of the former subsidence of the 
land. The ample descriptions of the shelly drift of these and 
other localities of high level, and of the lowlands of Chfshire 
and Lancashire, recorded by English geologists,t agree perfectly 
with the explanation given by Lewis, which indeed had been 
before snggested, so long ago as in 1874, by Belt and Goodchild.J 
^American Journal of Science, III, xxxv, pp. 401-407; May, 1888. 
tQuart*»rly Journal of the Geologicsil Society, London, vol. xxx, 1874, pp. 
27-42; xxxiv, 1878, pp. 383-397; xxxvi, 1880, pp. 351-r^; xxxv.i, 1881, pp. 
351-869; and xliii, 1887, pp. 73-120; also, Geological Magazine, 11,1, 1874, 
pp. 193-197. 
^Nature, vol. x, pp. 25, 26; Geol. Mag., II, i, pp. 496 510. A similar 
