392 Ethical Functions of Scientific Study — Chamherlin. 
portant that faithful conscientious public service should receive 
the reward to which it is entitled from every good citizen 
whether agreeing or disagreeing in political belief or party 
affiliation. It is of supreme importance that we exalt the in- 
tegrity of the just and that we protect faithfulness against 
calumny. To the end that just denunciation shall fall upon 
the unfaithful and just honor upon the upright, it is the duty 
of every good citizen to scrutinize with the utinost skepticism 
every accusation directed against a public servant, testing its 
inherent character, weighing it in the balances of impartiality, 
withholding credence unless it be supported by evidence, in short, 
putting it to the same tests to which the student of science 
subjects natural phenomena before he accepts its indications or 
assumes to form a judgment upon it. It is a function of in- 
vestigative study to introduce into the social and political at- 
mosphere those habits of impartial scrutiny, of conservative 
judgment and of regard for the exact truth which are calculated 
to protect the innocent and bring down upon the guilty the full 
and conclusive evidence of their criminality. The spread of in- 
vestigative study, increasing as it must necessarily these truth- 
searching habits of the mind, will slowly but surely develop 
more just, and therein more effective, personal treatment of 
public officials. 
The extension of the impartial methods of thought and the 
catholic sympathies which are pre-requisites of creative scholar- 
ship, must, in the very nature of the case, diminish that partisan- 
ship of spirit and that partiality of inquiry and of presentation 
which are pronounced evils in our political world. In so far as 
men become lovers of the exact and the full truth in all its many- 
sidedness, in so far will they cease to be narrow partisans. Men 
will still continue to believe that one line of policy is better than 
another, and will still repose more confidence in one organiza- 
tion of citizens for political purposes than in others, but they 
will yield less servile devotion to partisan measures and party 
leaders. Men will cease to see in any one policy or party the 
summation of all good and in others the summation of all evil; 
will fail to see in the exponents of one party the perfection of 
personal wisdom and integrity and in the exponents of the op- 
posite party the aggregation of all folly and corruption, because 
impartial inquiry will show its falsity. Four years ago there 
