Ethical Functions of Scientific Study — Chamberlin. 393 
went up from one political host the cry "turn the rascals out," 
and there came up from the other political host the answering 
cry "keep the very hungry and very thirsty from the fountains 
of government." The change came, and a most rigid investiga- 
tion of the records of the government failed to show any notable 
malfeasance in office, and I venture the prediction that if a re- 
versal of administration shall follow the coming election, no 
prevalent corruption will be found in the conduct of the govern- 
ment. The charge of rascality does not, I think, in the cool 
judgment of the careful student, lie against any of the major 
organizations of the American people or their chosen represen- 
tatives as a class. In so far as men become accustomed to make 
close discriminations and to arrive at careful judgments will 
they find that there is a mingling of good and of evil in all or- 
ganizations and in all policies, and that the task of the real 
patriot is to evaluate these as they are applied to men, measures 
and parties, and to be guided by the results rather than by ser- 
vile party fealty. Measures the most just in general are unjust 
in particular. Measures the most beneficent on the whole are 
injurious in the individual instance. No narrow rule, no mere 
platform, no simple set of measures will be found adequate to 
the solution of all the complex problems of civic growth and 
governmental administration. The solution must come through 
a most careful and conscientious study of each problem in all 
its multifarious aspects, and the higher the investigative spirit 
and the lower the partisan spirit, the more hopeful the results. 
The propagation of the spirit of untrammelled inquiry is 
working and is destined still more fruitfully to work a benefi- 
cent modification in the phases of religious thought. A genial 
change is gradually creeping over the theological discussions of 
our times and bringing with it broader sympathies,a more truth- 
reverent spirit, a more just recognition of the good and the ill in 
currentdoctrines. More important perhaps than all is the recog- 
nition that the more sacred the field of thought,the more impera- 
tive is the obligation to enter upon it freed from bias, trained to 
the utmost precision in discrimination, possessed by the highest 
candor of spirit and equipoise of temper, and inspired by absolute 
devotion to the truth. If the truth be here more sacred 
than elsewhere, the more sacred is the duty that unalloyed truth 
be discovered, and the more assiduously is it to be sought; and 
