1N4 The American Geologist. September, 1894 
In Tiibingen, F. A. Quenstedl (1809-1889), one of the mosi original, 
broad-sided and capable of German geologists and palaeontologists, 
taughl for over half a century. His tireless energy in investigating the 
geology of Wiirttemberg, and in particular the Schwabian Jurassic, his 
rare talenl for instruction, and Ins reputation as an exceedingly close 
observer, created for him such respect, not only on the pari of his hear- 
ers and special students, but of a far wider circle as well, that his name 
attained a wonderful popularity and the general interest in geology ex- 
tended even to social classes which in all other respects hold nothing 
in common with science. In many a neighborhood in the Schwabian 
Alps one meets with common peasants who are fond of collecting fossils. 
are perfectly familiar with Quenstedt's subdivisions of tlie Jurassic and 
with a variety of other geological facts. Quenstedt's career is an elo- 
quent example of what truly valuable service a single enterprising 
spirit can render, although commanding but the most limited resources: 
nor is<his example by any means unique in Germany. Nearly all the. 
universities above mentioned, not excepting even the smallest, can 
boast of at least one or more professors in geology, such as Duncher, von 
Klipstein. Pr. Sandberger, Pfaff, Streng, Kayser, von Koenen, Laspey- 
res. Johann Lehmann and others, who have especially signalized them- 
selves either as educationalists or as investigators. 
During the last three decades geological bureaus have been instituted 
in nearly all the states of Germany, and in consequence a large share of 
the practical work formerly carried on in connection with universities 
has been absorbed. At the same time, however, these bureaus are as a 
rule placed under the direction of university professors, to whom in 
fact their initiation is usually due. The chief field of usefulness which 
modern universities subserve consists in the giving of instruction, in 
the higher theoretical training offered to younger specialists, and in the 
opportunities for conducting original research work. With the ever 
widening scope of the science, with the fairly overwhelming amount of 
working material and with new and refined methods of research, the 
necessity of changes and improvements in the mode of instruction be- 
comes self-evident. The functions of the modern university professor 
are by no means restricted to lectures and excursions, but it is also of 
the utmost importance that the beginner should have the actual work- 
ing material and the literature placed in his hands, should gain practi- 
cal experience in various methods of research, and should be entrusted 
with original research work under the instructor's direction. The 
proper fulfillment of these conditions presupposes, of course, a thorough 
equipment in libraries and museums, and the introduction of some such 
arrangement as one finds in chemical laboratories for example, where 
both beginners and advanced students find an opportunity for engaging 
in individual laboratory work. Institutions of this character are to be 
found in connection with most German universities of the present day, all 
differing more or less from one anol her, however, according to the means 
at disposal and according to the various scientific specialties of the indi- 
vidual instructors. While, for instance, in Leipzic, Heidelberg and 
