330 The American Geologist. November. i89t 
almost identical during the Urgonian and Aptian epochs of early Cre- 
taceous time. Continuing into the Tertiary era, Dr. Gregory finds that 
the two faunas became widely and increasingly divergent, until in the 
Miocene and Pliocene periods intermigrations took place; and he regards 
these relations in the evolution of the echinoids of the two continents 
as incompatible with the theory of the permanence of the Atlantic 
ocean basin. But even without much change of the deep ocean, suffi- 
cient room for the early Cretaceous and later Tertiary migrations prob- 
ably existed along the shores of the Faroe islands, Iceland and Green- 
land, during uplifts of these far northern regions and of the compara- 
tively shallow intervening portions of the seabed, by which the streams 
were enabled to cut the deep fjords. The culmination of the later 
uplift appears to have brought the cold climate and ice accumulation 
of the Glacial period, which was ended by the subsidence of these 
regions, partly drowning the fjords, and widely separating the islands 
that during late Tertiary and early Quaternary time probably almost 
united the northern parts of the continents. w. r. 
Insect Fauna of t 'he Rhode Island Coal Field. By S. H. Scudder. (U. 
S. Geol. Survey. Bulletin 101, pp. 27, with two plates, 1893. Price, g 
cents.) Fifteen species of insects, mostly cockroaches, are here described 
from the Rhode Island coal measures. All the species, and two of the 
six genera, are new. The earliest discovery of any of these fossils was 
by Rev. Edgar F. Clark. It is hoped that this publication will stimu- 
late additional search in these strata and result in more extended discov- 
eries. The two new genera are quite unlike any others in this country, 
but are rather allied to some that occur in the richly fossiliferous beds 
of Carboniferous age at Commentry, in France. w. tr. 
A Catalogm and Bibliography of North American Mesozoic Tnvertebrata. 
ByC. B. Boyle. (U. S. Geol. Survey. Bulletin 102. pp. 815, 1803. Price. 
23 cents.) The first part of this work, filling 13 pages, is a list of authors, 
with titles, notes of the number of pages and plates under each and date 
of publication. Part II. filling the remainder of the volume, gives an al- 
phabetic list of "all the names that have been applied to the genera and 
species of invertebrates obtained from North American rocks and re- 
ferred by any author to the Mesozoic," with the place and date of their 
publication, the author, and the formation and locality or district 
where the fossils were obtained. w. r. 
Historical Sketch if tin Discovery of Mineral Deposits in th> Lakt Superior 
Region. By HORACE V. Wixc hell. (Pages 40: from tin: Second Annual 
Report of the Lake Superior Mining Institute. 1SD4.) The progress of 
the discovery of the valuable copper and iron deposits of northern Mich- 
igan. Wisconsin, and Minnesota, is here concisely reviewed from the 
time of the early Jesuit missionaries to the latest development, within 
the past four years, of the surprisingly rich Mesabi iron range. The 
explorations of Douglass Houghton, C. T. Jackson. Foster and Whitney. 
