396 The American Geologist. December, 1894 
zoic. The work done by Prof. Call shows that these sandstones are 
Tertiary, and that the quartzites are local variations of them. By what 
process this#change has come about the author does not attempt to ex- 
plain. A microscopical examination of the rock might throw some 
light on the subject. 
Established in 1885, the Indiana Academy of Science has grown at a 
remarkable rale. At the head of its list of members stands the name of 
the astronomer Daniel Kirkwood, and this is followed by those of 
Jordan, Mendenhall, Gray, Campbell, Coulter, Gilbert, Evermann, and a 
host of others equally well known. It is hoped that with this third vol- 
ume of its Proceedings the Academy has passed its "second summer,** 
and that it will be able to maintain and improve a publication which 
reflects so much credit upon the whole state of Indiana. J. c. b. 
Some Typical Eskers of southern New England. By J. B. Woodworth. 
(Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxvi, pp. 
107-220, with five figures in the text: April, 1804.) This paper describes 
the physical features and discusses the origin of eskers examined by the 
author during his work of mapping the Pleistocene deposits of portions 
of Massachusetts. Rhode Island, and Connecticut, for the U. S. Geolog- 
ical Survey. The term eskers is employed to designate the elongated 
ridges of gravel and sand, often serpentine in their courses, which were 
deposited in channels of drainage upon, in, or beneath the waning ice- 
sheet: while the term kames, in accordance with the suggestions of 
Chamberlin and McGee, is restricted to mounds and disconnected short 
ridges of similar gravel and sand, probably marking the mouthsof small 
glacial streams and usually associated with moraines or with plains of 
strati tied drift. The eskers are mainly referred by Mr. Woodworth to 
a subglacial origin, although he believes that in some instances portions 
of their courses indicate deposition in a channel open to the sky. whirr 
the ice roof had been melted through. Bibliographic references air 
quite fully noted, with quotations of the views of previous writers on 
this subject, some of whom, as N. H. Winchell, Upham. and Hoist, 
think eskers more commonly to have been superglacial, being deposi- 
ted in ice canons and deriving their material from englacial and finally 
superglacial drift. Highly significant recent studies by Barton of chan- 
nels on drumlins in Massachusetts (Am. GEOLOGIST, March, 1804, p. 224, 
and Am. Jour. Sci., Oct. 1804, p. 340) seem to prove that many esker- 
forming streams were superglacial or englacial and could not have been 
subglacial. W. 0. 
On the Distribution of Earthquakes in the United States since tlie close of 
th, Glacial period. By N. S. Shaler. (Proceedings, Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist., vol. xxvi. pp. 246-256; read Jan. 17, 1804.) Boulders lying in un- 
stable positions on the rocky shores of Maine and northeastern Massa- 
chusetts, occasional pinnacles of rock spared by erosion and liable to be 
easily thrown down, and the steep hillocks and ridges of loose glacial 
gravel and sand called kames, all occurring in the New England states 
near the sea level and within reach of the greal wave which would be 
