Stratigraphy of Kansas Permian — Beede and Sellards. 83 
vertical attitude, a hade of even a few degrees being very 
unusual. Their relation to the general geological structure 
of the region is distinctly transverse ; and, evidently, they 
date from a period of gravity faulting without folding, such 
as the Triassic is known to have been. Transverse colum- 
nar jointing is commonly well developed ; the greenstone 
alteration is wanting; and the rock yields readily to kaolin- 
ization, the tendency to pass by spheroidal weathering to a 
rusty brown earth being a marked feature of this diabase. 
STRATIGRAPHY OF THE EASTERN OUTCROP OF THE KAN- 
SAS PERMIAN.* 
By J. W. ISkeiik and E. H Sellards. 
PLATES IV--V. 
According to Prossert and Freeh*, the Wreford lime- 
stone may be considered the base of the Kansas Permian. 
The writers' studies are at present confirmatory to this 
view. From a geographic standpoint this is a most fortu- 
nate occurrence as this limestone forms one of the most 
striking and persistent escarpments in Kansas. It is the 
most easily mapped formation in the state with the possi- 
ble exception of the Florence flint, sixty feet above it. The 
northern two-thirds of the outcrop has already been worked 
out and discussed in greater or less detail, and is fairly 
well known, but this can hardly be said of the southern 
third. The object of the present paper is to give a general- 
ized map of the outcrop, so far as determined, and to furnish 
an idea of the stratigraphy, throughout the length of the 
strike in Kansas — a distance of over 200 miles while the ex- 
tent of the outcrop is several times as great. 
NATURE OF THE OUTCROP. 
In the region north of the Kansas river the escarpment 
formed by the Wreford limestone is frequently fainter than 
that of the Florence flint and Fort Riley limestone. This 
is true of most of the Blue river region north of Garrison. 
The Cottonwood limestone escarpment is subordinated in 
♦Published by permission of the director of the University Geologi- 
cal Survey of Kansas. 
t Jour. Geol., x, pp. 709, 710, 721-724, 1902. 
t Lethaea Palaeozoica, II, Lief. 2, p. 378, &c, 1899. 
