84 The American Geologist. August, 1905 
the northern third of its outcrop where the Wreford lime- 
stone and Florence flint appear in the same bluffs, as in 
some localities in the Blue river region. However its out- 
crop is always strongly marked when it is found at consid- 
erable altitudes above drainage level or well removed from 
the flints, as at Manhattan, Frankfort, Alma, etc., except 
when deeply drift covered as near Summerfield. 
In the central region, from the Kansas river south to 
the vicinity of Reece, the Wreford limestone is best devel- 
oped and forms a very strong escarpment with the Flor- 
ence flint forming another just above and west of it. 
Throughout this region as far south as Bazaar, Chase Co., 
the Cottonwood limestone escarpment retains its sharp out- 
line and whitish appearance. For the entire distance from 
the Nebraska line the Cottonwood limestone retains its 
striking peculiarities which are so distinct that even an 
amateur would not overlook it. The same may be said of 
the Florena shale lying upon it. South of the latitude of 
Bazaar both these layers lose their distinctive characters 
and cease to be of great importance as horizon markers. 
Whether or not they extend across the southern part of 
the state as distinct strata can only be determined by care- 
fully tracing them the entire distance. In the southern 
region, except, perhaps the southern fourth of it, the Wre- 
ford limestone escarpment becomes somewhat accentuated, 
where it actually reaches the crest of the ridge. This is 
due as much to the drainage as to the relative importance 
of the stratum which is really thinner here than it is farther 
north. At Beaumont and Grand Summit it has been re- 
moved from the top of the escarpment. At the former 
place it occurs at the front of the ridge some distance north 
and south of the railroad but falls back to the middle of the 
town and is lower in altitude than the railroad grade at the 
crest of the escarpment on account of the westerly dip of 
the rocks. This is more strikingly the case at Grand Sum- 
mit where the Wreford limestone and some ninety feet of 
underlying rocks have been removed along the railroad as 
far west as Grouse creek, west of Cambridge. About two 
miles north of Grand Summit it appears in the top of the 
escarpment and also forms a high ridge west of the town, 
