Stratigraphy of Kansas Permian— Beede and Sellards. 8 5 
as will be noted later. South of this region local structures 
come to be of some importance and the stratigraphy has 
not been worked out in detail. Just east of Dexter it may- 
be seen dipping sharply into the ground to the eastward 
while the general dip is to the west. 
As far south as Reece the Florence flint reaches nearly 
to the edge of the escarpment forming a second prominent 
bench. South of this it becomes, frequently, less distinct — 
except in the region of Burden, and comes in in the back- 
slope toward the Walnut river forming a second escarp- 
ment. It is impossible to locate the Cottonwood limestone 
with certainty here by its lithologic or other characters. 
All the limestones of any considerable importance are ex- 
cellently shown in the numerous cuts and exposures but 
none of them possess the typical appearance of the Cotton- 
wood. The writers are of the opinion that it is continuous 
with changed lithologic characters throughout this region, 
but this is' by no means certain. It has never been traced 
to the southern limit of Kansas and "into Oklahoma" by 
any Kansas geologist.* The statements of Keyes were 
probably based on Haworth's reconnaissance map published 
in the first and second reports of the Kansas survey ,t which 
was probably based on Adams' section from Galena to 
Wellington.* If the Cottonwood limestone extends this 
far south the map mentioned is not much in error as to its 
general location. On this map the Cottonwood limestone 
is marked as the upper limit of the Coal Measures and the 
rocks above are indicated as Permian in accordance with 
Prosser's earlier opinion.? 
The outcrop of the Florence flint and Fort Riley lime- 
stone closely parallels the outcrop of the Wreford limestone 
across the state and could be represented in a general way 
by a line close to the line on the accompanying map, but 
lying just west of it. The same would be true of the Cot- 
tonwood limestone as far south, or a little farther, than the 
latitude of Emporia but lying just east of the Wreford lime- 
stone. In such places as Manhattan, Frankfort, and Mill 
* Keyes, Amer. Geol. xxiii, pp. 303 and 311. 
t Univ. Geol. Surv. Kans., I, pi. xxi„ 1896; II, pi. xlviii, 18!»7. 
J Op. Cit., I, pp. 16-20, 1896. 
§ For the original classification and the references to the literature 
see,' Jour. Geol.. Ill, pp. 682-705, 764-800 and especially chart p. 800, 1895: 
For revised classification see Ibid, x, pp. 703-737, 1902. 
