Stratigraphy ol Kansas Permian — Beede and Sellards. 9 1 
of 70 feet. Allowing for the probable dip would give the 
Garrison formation a thickness of no feet in this vicinity. 
Since it was necessary to select another term than the 
"Cottonwood shales" for the shales immediately above the 
Cottonwood limestone the term "Florena shale" was usedt 
because of the extensive quarries in the Cotonwood lime- 
stone at Florena which show the shale admirably, rich in its 
typical fauna, though somewhat diminished in thickness 
when compared with the Cottonwood Falls region. The 
section at the Florena quarries is as follows : 
FLORENA QUARRY SECTION. 
5. Limestone, extremely thin bedded, and shale 3 ft. inches 
4. Limestone 2 " " 
3. Shale, calcareous with abundant fossils, the 
Florena 3 
2. Limestone, nearly white with small Fusulina? 2 " 2 
1. Limestone, the upper third with many Fusulinae 5 " 6 
Total 15 ft. 4 inches 
Numbers 1 and 2 are the Cottonwood limestone and 
number three is the Florena shale. Numbers 4 and 5 are 
the base of the Neosho member of the Garrison formation. 
The Florena shales thicken to the southward, from two 
feet at Beattie to 3 feet 8 inches at Florena. This thicken- 
ing continues to the Cottonwood river where they reach a 
thickness of 6 feet. 
Southward from Florena, in the vicinity of Garrison, 
the Cottonwood limestone passes down to about, or a little 
below, the level of the river. Here the Garrison formation, 
Wreford limestone, Matfield formation, Florence flint and 
Fort Riley limestone all take part in forming the pictur- 
esque bluffs of the -Big Blue river. It may have been from 
the inspiration of this place that Cragin named the lower 
Permian rocks of Kansas the "Big Blue Series."* There 
are 82 or more feet of the Garrison formation exposed in 
the bluffs by the town. The Wreford limestone has a 
tProsser, Revised classification of the upper Paleozoic formations of 
Kansas. Jour. Geol., x, "p. 712 and the table of formations opposite page 
718. See note on p. 737, where the "Cottonwood limestone" Is retain- 
ed and "Alma limestone" is dropped. 
* Colorado College Studies, vi, p. 6, 1896. 
