Review ot Recent Geological Literature. 187 
leaving the latter as the endosiphon, Chitenous or sub-chitenous 
supports (endosiphoblades, &c.) passing to the walls of the siphun- 
cle held this endosiphon in its place. 
Gerard Holm has found quite similar structures, though not so 
complete, in Vaginoceras basaliforme. The stage of the single 
worm-like tube in Cameroceras is rightly regarded by Ruedemann 
as an important accession to our knowledge of the initial structures 
in the early cephalopods. 
Dr. Whiteaves' paper also has plates, two in number .which 
present the characters of two new species of Endoceratites, based 
on the siphuncle, from Canadian localities, Nanna primaevus and 
N. kingstonensis. In the latter which is represented by casts of 
the siphuncle, the impression of the septal necks is finely shown, 
and the forward curve of the septal rings is well marked. 
A. Karpinsky has made a fresh study of Schmidt's genus Vol- 
borthella (F. tennuis) from the "blue clay" of the Lower Cambrian 
of Reval in the Baltic provinces of Russia. He sustains the view 
of Schmidt that this organism is a cephalopod, since he found it 
characterized by a siphonal tube. It is a long space in geological 
time between this organism and the oldest known chambered ceph- 
alopod; perhaps the connection between Volborthella and the lat- 
ter has been through some of the shells classed with the Hyolithidse 
to which Volborthella bears a close resemblance. Between the 
"blue clay" and the Beekmantown horizon four Cambrian faunas 
intervene — Paradoxides. Olenus, Peltura and Dictyonema — in which 
no recognized orthoceratites are known. w. u, 
The Copper Handbook, a Manual of the Copper Industry of the 
World. Vol V, for the year 1904. Compiled and published by 
Horace J. Stevens_ Pages 882. Houghton, Mich., 1905. 
This is the fifth yearly issue of a very comprehensive and use- 
ful handbook. It contains chapters on the history, geology, chem- 
istry and mineralogy, metallurgy, and uses of copper; a glossary 
of mining terms; details of copper deposits in all parts of the 
world; a very extensive alphabetic list, in 683 pages, describing all 
the copper mines of the world, and noting all companies engaged 
in copper production; and statistics, in 38 pages. Concerning the 
very important and recent uses of this metal for telegraph and tele- 
phone wires and a multitude of other electric appliances, the com- 
piler writes: "Copper is the foundation of the Electric Age, just 
as it was the fundamental metal in the Age of Bronze, some 
millenniums ago. * * * A full enumeration of the electrical 
uses of copper would require a volume." w u. 
The Honorable Peter Whit?. A Biographical Sketch of the Lake 
Superior Iron Country. By Ralph D, Williams Pages 205; 
with many portraits and other illustrations. Cleveland, Ohio, 
1905. 
A very interesting biography of the most prominent promoter 
of the mining of iron ores in the upper peninsular of Michigan is 
