196 The American Geologist. September, 
1905 
In the field the formations are carefully studied, identified and 
measured preparatory to making sections and writing detailed 
descriptions which ultimately take the form of a thesis. In the 
laboratory, characteristic fossils of the various formations are 
identified and the literature of the region under investigation care- 
fully studied. Last term fifteen students registered in this course, 
two of whom were girls, and the latter were as energetic and en- 
thusiastic as the men. The usual equipment for the trips consisted 
of barometers, hand-levels and staff, tape lines, hammers, chisels, 
collecting bags and camera. A trip was made each Saturday dur- 
ing the term, with one exception, although the spring was un- 
favorable for field work on account of the frequent and heavy 
rainstorms. 
Ohio state university is well situated for geological work since 
every formation of central Ohio is readily reached by one or more 
of the numerous steam or electric railways radiating from' Colum- 
bus. Every formation of the state from the Richmond to the Alle- 
gheny inclusive was studied in the field save the local and rela- 
tively unimportant Hillsboro sandstone. The distance traveled 
aggregated about 500 miles. 
The longest and most interesting trips from the standpoint of 
stratigraphy and paleontology were to Zanesville in Muskingum 
county and to Waynesville in Warren county. The latter occupied 
two days and included trips to the beautiful gorges at Cedarville, 
Clifton and Yellow Springs. Goe's Station to the south of Yellow 
Springs was also visited, at this time, where the mottled clays of 
the Saluda, the Belfast bed and Clinton limestone are excellently 
shown in a small ravine near the former residence of Mr. Goe. The 
heavy rains had thoroughly washed all of the small gullies on the 
hillside and the mottled clays of the Saluda were shown at their 
best. All of the sub-divisions of the "Niagara" of Ohio, with the 
exception of the Hillsboro sandstone, were studied at Yellow 
Springs, Clifton and Cedarville. The Osgood or Niagara shale is 
best exposed on the bank of Cascade glen at Yellow Springs, while 
farther up the stream are outcrops of the West Union, Springfield 
and Cedarville limestones. The gorge of the Little Miami river 
below Clifton is famous as one of the most picturesque localities 
in southwestern Ohio, its banks formed by the Springfield and 
Cedarville limestones. On Massie's creek, however, a little below 
Cedarville is a vertical cliff which is one of the most interesting 
places in this region since it shows the contact of the Osgood shale 
and West Union limestone, the entire thickness of the West Union 
and its contact with the superjacent Cedarville limestone. In this 
vicinity is a most clearly marked old channel of the creek, the bed 
of which is now dry and covered with grass. The Monroe forma- 
tion, or Waterlime of the Ohio reports, occurs to the west of 
Columbus and one day was devoted to the study of several of its 
outcrops which involved a tramp of some twelve miles. The 
