218 The American Geologist. October, 1905 
beds, the former (I) including lowland, forest and river- 
bottom, and aquatic animals, the latter (II) the animals of 
the plains and uplands. The John Day beds of Oregon 
apparently contain an overlapping fauna partly equivalent 
to the Upper Oligocene and partly to the Lower Miocene. 
The already well known (Cope, Filhol) and close 
zoogeographical relationships during the Oligocene of North 
America and Europe are strengthened by the discovery of 
European Anthracotheriidae, Mustelidae (Bunaeluriis 1 ) and 
Erinaceidas ( Proterix, Matthew 2 ) in America, and of the 
American Titanotheriidae in Europe 3 . This leaves as the 
chief families in Europe still unknown in America the 
Palseotheriidge, Anoplotheriidse, Tragulidge. 
Our faunal knowledge has been especially enriched by 
the discovery and description of the hitherto unknown 
microfauna of the Titanotherium beds (Douglass 4 , Matthew 5 ) 
which includes archaic, Centetes -like forms, as well as Erin- 
aceous-Uke forms. 
The main phylogenetic results are the following. The 
Creodonta have been definitely traced to their extinction in 
the Hyaenodontidge (Table II). Among the Canidae the an- 
cestral line of Cyon (Dholes) has almost certainly been 
recognized in this period in the genus Temnocyon (Wort- 
man and Matthew 6 ) (Fig. 6). No trace of Edentata has 
been found, the forms formerly described as such now being 
known to be the peculiar Chalicotheriidse, probably of Peris- 
sodactyl affinities. The rhinoceroses have been traced back 
in the Lower Oligocene to animals (Trigonias) with sev- 
eral incisors as well as with canine teeth (Osborn 1 , Lucas 2 ). 
1 Matthew, W D On the Skull of Bunaelurus, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. 
Hist., xvi, 1902, pp. 137-140. 
2 A Fossil Hedgehog from the American Oligocene Bull. Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist., vol. xix, 1903, pp. 227-229. 
8 Toula. Ueber neue Wirbelthierreste aus dem Tertiar Oesterreichs and 
Rumeliens, Zeitschr. d. Deutsch. geolog. Ges., Jahrg. 1896, pp. 922-924. 
4 Foss. Mantm. White River. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, n. s., vol. 
xx, 1901, p. 1-42. 
5 The Fauna of the Titanotherium beds. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. xix, 1903, pp. 197-226. 
6 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. xii, 1899, pp. 139-148. 
1 The Extinct Rhinoceroses. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. i, 1S98, 
pp. 75-165. 
2 A New Rhinoceros. Trigonias Osborni. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxiii, 
No. 1207. 
