222 The American Geologist October, 1905 
which with Blastomeryx as the new family Merycodontidae 
has been regarded by Matthew 5 to be more nearly related 
to the American Antilocapridae than to the European Cervi- 
dse, although its deerlike horns certainly suggest Cervine 
relationships. The Camelidae until recently considered 
monophyletic have been shown to be in a marked degree 
polyphyletic 6 , the Lower Oligocene Paratylopus giving rise 
to two phyla, one of which includes the "giraffe camel," 
Alticamelus (Matthew 1 ), which presents a remarkable anal- 
ogy in the elongation of its neck and limbs with the giraffes 
of Africa ; similarly Proebrotherium splits into three phyla 
(Fig. 5, Matthew). Similarly the Oreodont, and Agrichoerine 
phyla have disappeared without leaving successors. The rival 
cursorial Hyracodontidae and aquatic Amynodontidse having 
died out, the true Rhinocerotidse (Fig. 3) split up into three 
series, one including the extremely long-skulled and long- 
limbed types, possibly related to the true Aceratherium in 
cisivum of Europe, a second including excessively broad- 
skulled types (genera Aphelops and Peraceras Cope), and a 
third including the short-footed (brachypodine) types 
(Teleoceras ), almost certainly of European origin. The 
Tapiridse are still sparsely known. The aberrant Chali- 
cotheriidge terminate *in an Upper Miocene species which 
nearly equals in size the Lower Pliocene Ancylotherium of 
the Pikermi. The most astonishing discovery among the 
Rodentia is that of a member of the Mylagaulidas with a 
very large horn core on the front portion of the skull 
(genus Ceratogaulus Matthew 2 ). 
The principal work still to be done in our Miocene is 
the following: to ascertain more fully the character of the 
Lower Miocene fauna, which is still unknown ; to fix the 
date of the arrival of the earliest Proboscidea either early in 
the Middle or in the Lower Miocene ; to trace the ancestry 
of the typical dogs ; to ascertain the origin of the Cervidae, 
which will probably prove to be Asiatic, as well as the 
origin of the peculiarly American Antilocapridae. 
5 A Complete Skeleton of Merycodits. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. xx, 1904, pp. 101-129. 
6 Notice of Two New Oligocene Camels. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. xvi, 1902, pp. 617-635. 
1 Foss. Mamm. of the Tertiary, etc. Mem. A. M. N. H., vol. i, pt. 
vi, 1901. 
