226 The American Geologist. October, 1905 
Equus; among the Artiodactyla, two species of the Dico- 
tylicfce; (.tie species of the Camelidae, and two of the Antilo- 
capridsg ( Capromeryx, a new form, Matthew), and Antilo- 
eapra; among the Proboscidea, Elephas eolumhi A similar 
plains fauna is that of Silver Lake, Oregon, which includes 
also two aquatic animals, Castor and Lutra. At Wash- 
tuckna Lake, Washington, is found a forest fauna which 
includes in addition to camels and horses, a badger, Taxidea- 
three species of Felis, two of Aloes, one of the American 
deer, Cariacus, and one of the goat Oreamnos ( Ilaploceros ) 
Our knowledge of the Western cave fauna has been 
enriched especially by the discoveries of Sinclair" in Cali- 
fornia, in the Potter Creek Cave, probably of late Pleisto- 
cene age. This includes an extremely rich series chiefly of 
the mountain and forest type. Of fifty-two species, twenty- 
one are extinct, including a new member of the Ovinae in the 
genus Euceratherium 3 (Sinclair ). With these animals are 
associated relics possibly of human origin. In the East, the 
Port Kennedy Cave, also treated by Cope, has been ex- 
haustively investigated by Mercer 4 , and shown to contain 
fifty species of mammals, including chiefly forest types, 
among which are the Mastodon amerieanus, a tapir, and 
two species of Equxis. Again no human remains have been 
found. 
As regards phylogeny, the horses are evidently poly- 
phyletic ; but we have not as yet worked out the distinctiqn 
between possible representatives of the horses, asses, and 
zebras. The Proboscidea have been clearly distinguished 
(Pohlig, Lucas, Osborn 5 ) into four great types Mastodon 
amercianus in the Eastern and Middle States; Elephas prim- 
igenius in the North, practically identical with the north 
Asiatic Mammoth ; Elephas eolumhi chiefly in the Middle 
States but also in the Southern, and Elephas imperator in 
the South and ranging north to the Middle States ; these 
species represent profoundly different types both in skull 
2 The Exploration of the Potter Cretk Cave- Univ. Calif. Publ. Araer. 
Archaeol. & "Ethn., vol. 2, No. 1, 1904. 
3 Euceratherium. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 3, No. 20, 
1904, pp. 411-418. 
4 The Bone Cave at Port Kennedy. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 
xi, pt. 2, 1899. 
5 Evolution of the Proboscidea in North American. Science, N. S., xvil, 
Feb. 13. 1903, p. 249. 
