Geological Observations. — Reagan. 
241 
those of the latter very poor. The latter have a soapy, 
clayey taste. The springs at the Ring Thunder day school 
besides having this taste is contaminated with the drainage 
from the Indian village above as is shown in the accom- 
panying map of the sink-holes there. The Loup Fork 
springs in the vicinity of Valentine and Fort Niobrara and' 
in Smith's canyon ten miles farther east are large. Those 
at Fort Niobrara furnish water for the fort, and the Smith 
canyon springs water over two thousand head of cattle.. 
None of the springs possess medicinal properties. 
North sink holes in the vicinity of the Ring Thunder School. 
Scale 300 feet. 
Streams. 
The streams are White river and its tributaries at the 
north, and the Kaya Paha and the Minichadusa at the 
south. All of the head streams of the Kaya Paha run above 
the Oligocene. Antelope creek is always clear and always 
has running water in it. The tributaries of the White 
