270 The American Geologist. 
November, 1905 
as the lake Erie ice is known to have done in southern 
Michigan and northern Indiana. 
The most striking indication of this is found in the 
position of an immense mass of chalk which is included in 
the moraine about five miles east of Malmo. This chalk 
mass extends three miles in a northeast and southwest 
direction, averages 1,000 feet in width, and from ioo to 200 
feet in thickness, being, so far as I know, the largest boulder, 
or glacially transported mass, that has been described. It 
is everywhere covered with till, and almost everywhere has 
till underneath it. Its regular position is between what we 
should call the upper and the lower till, the upper till being 
yellow and the lower blue. But in one place, which I ex- 
amined, the lower or blue till was both above and below it. 
While the chalk is together in one mass, it everywhere 
shows signs of immense pressure and disturbance, being 
broken up into small cubes, and having its flint nodules 
cracked and arranged in lines simulating stratification. The 
upper part of the chalk has also been extensively sheared 
off and mingled with the till. 
This mass of chalk has been brought fully to light 
through its commercial value, eight or ten companies having 
mined or quarried it for many years. It belongs to the true 
soft chalk of Cretaceous age. and was supposed by the 
earlier geologists to indicate a Cretaceous area, where it was 
least to be expected, since the chalk which mainly under- 
lies the peninsula belongs to the Trias or Lias. The de- 
termination of its glacial transportation has therefore solved 
a very difficult problem. It must have been picked up 
bodilv from the shores or bed of the Baltic sea. being trans- 
ferred westward many miles to its present position. 
Dr. Hoist is bringing to light much new evidence 
bearing upon the unity of the Glacial period, and is more 
than ever confirmed in his adhesion to the theory that the 
upper till and the lower till are of the same age, — the lower 
till being that which was dragged along under the ice, and 
the upper till the material which was incorporated in the 
ice, and which so became oxidized in the process of trans- 
mission and deposition. In many cases which -he showed 
me, this would certainly appear to be the fact, as indicated 
