Glacial Lakes and Marine Submergence — Upham. 285 
GLACIAL LAKES AND MARINE SUBMERGENCE IN THE 
HUDSON-CHAMPLAIN VALLEY. 
By Warren Upham, St. Paul Minn 
Very important studies of the Quaternary history of 
the Hudson-Champlain valley have been recently published 
by Charles E. Peet and J. B. Woodworth, who have worked 
mainly, both in the field and in the study, without collabora- 
tion together, yet reaching closely similar conclusions.* 
The work of Mr. Peet is a continuation from his service 
since 1893 on tne Geological Survey of New Jersey, for 
which he mapped the Pleistocene deposits of the Palisade 
Ridge, bordering the Hudson river. His plans for extend- 
ing this investigation along all the valley north to lake 
Champlain and the St. Lawrence were made under the 
direction of Prof. R. D. Salisbury, and the field work and 
presentation of results have been directed by Prof. T. C. 
Chamberlin ; but the author claims the full responsibility 
for the opinions expressed. He had reached the main re- 
sults some four years ago, and later gave attention chiefly 
to the crustal movement and the origin of the water body 
in the Hudson valley, whether lacustrine or marine. 
Professor Woodworth gives in his two very elaborate 
publications the results of his surveys for the Xew York- 
State Museum during the years 1900 to 1903, with the aid 
of field notes and advice by G. K. Gilbert from several 
seasons of his work in the St. Lawrence vallev, where he 
had examined the country from lake Ontario around the 
northern slopes of the Adirondacks and southward on the 
west side of lake Champlain to West Chazy. That explor- 
ation led to the selection of the Mooers quadrangle for de- 
tailed mapping of its glacial drift and lacustrine and marine 
formations. 
* Glacial and Postglacial History of the Hudson and Champlain 
Valleys, by Charles Emerson Peet; reprinted (1904), with slight revision, 
from the Journal of Geology, vol. xii, pp. 415-469, 617-661, July-August and 
October-November, 1904; with 27 figures in the text (maps, sections, pro- 
files, and views from photographs). 
Pleistocene Geology of Mooers Quadrangle, being a portion of 
Clinton County, including parts of the towns of Mooers, Champlain, Al- 
tona, Chazy, Dannemora, and Beekmantown, N. Y., by Jay Backus 
Woodworih (Bulletin 83, New York State Museum), June, 1905; pages 
60, with 25 plates (maps, and views from photographs), and a folded 
map of the Glacial geology of Mooers Quadrangle. 
Ancient Water L.evels of the Champlain and Hudson Valleys, by 
J»y Backts Woodworth (Bulletin 84, New York State Museum), July, 
1905; pages 65-265, with 28 plates (maps, profiles, and views), 24 figures in 
the text, and the Glacial map of the Mooers Quadrangle (the same as 
in 1 lie preceding bulletin). 
