Glacial Lakes and Marine Submergence — Upham. 287 
Woodworth takes more definite ground in support of 
the explanation of the Hudson beds as sediments of a glacial 
lake, to which he gives the name Lake Albany; and the 
glacial lake of the Champlain valley, which he thinks to have 
been later and distinct, he names Lake Vermont. To the 
present writer, however, it seems quite certain that the 
glacially dammed water bodies of these two parts of the 
Hudson-Champlain valley were continuous at the same 
levels, changed with the gradual northward uplift of the 
valley, forming deltas and shore lines which are interrupted 
by conditions of topography and sedimentation, but which 
by exact surveys with levelling will be traced continuously 
from the Hudson valley northward around the marine area 
of the Champlain,, St. Lawrence, and Ottawa basins, lying 
at higher altitudes than the marine shores and fossiliferous 
beds. 
By my examination, in 1901, of the lowest part of the 
water divide between the Hudson and the Champlain, pub- 
lished in the American Geologist for October, 1903, I 
could find no evidences of outflow there from the glacially 
ponded waters of the Champlain basin. That divide or low- 
est place of the watershed, near Fort Edward, seems to me 
to have been covered by the Hudson-Champlain glacial lake, 
and by the later glacial Lake St. Lawrence, until the con- 
tinued departure of the ice-sheet far north allowed the sea 
to come into the St. Lawrence and Champlain valleys, then 
filling the southern part of the latter nearly to the hight of 
this col of its watershed. 
The names Lake Albany and Lake Vermont, applied by 
Woodworth, seem to be synonyms of my previous nomen- 
clature as lakes Hudson-Champlain and St. Lawrence, pub- 
lished in my V. S. Geological Survey monograph of Lake 
Agassiz and in other papers,* which, however, are not in- 
cluded in the extended bibliography given by Woodworth 
for this subject, although he cites a large number of my 
* Geol. Soc. of America, vol. iii. pp. 4S4-7, 1892. Am. Jour. Sci., third 
series, vol. xlix, pp. 1-18, with map, Jan., 1895. Minnesota Geol. and 
Nat. EJist. Survey. Twenty-third Annual Report, for 1894 (pub. Feb.. 
1S95V pp. 156-193, with map. I'. S. Geol. Survey. Monograph xxv, The 
Glacial Lake Aggassoz, 1895, pp. 254, 262-264. Am. Geologist, vol. xxxii. 
pp. 223—230, Oct., 1903. International Quarterly, vol. xi, pp. 24S-'_Vk". .luly. 
1906. 
