Serpentines Near Philadelphia.— Jonas. 301 
North Carolina. — f The periclotyte serpentine belt of 
North Carolina is scattered over an area forty miles wide. 
For the most part the peridotyte is fresh and its olivine 
shows but slight alteration to serpentine. South of 
Waynesville there is only one small area of massive serpen- 
tine but to the north in Buncombe, Madison and Yancey 
counties there is much typical massive serpentine. 
\Gcorgia — In Harris county, western Georgia, Clem- 
ents reports serpentine- It is derived from the peridotyte 
of the belt which extends into Georgia from Carolina and 
bears corundum. S This belt extends westward into || east- 
ern Alabama and there contains serpentine associated with 
steatite. This is the most southerly extension of the belt 
of crystallines with which serpentine is associated and 
which extends throughout the Atlantic states. 
There are scattered areas of serpentine in Texas, 
Minnesota and Colorado. In the Cascade and Sierra Ne- 
vada mountains of Washington and Oregon and in the coast 
range of California, in the Sacramento valley and on the 
San Franciscan peninsula, serpentine has been described 
and its origin traced to pyroxenytes and peridotytes. 
The Serpentines of the Philadelphia Belt. — The Pied- 
mont belt of the eastern United States lies between the Ap- 
palachian province to the west and the coastal plain region 
to the east. It extends from Maine southwest to middle 
Alabama. Its surface is rolling with tlat topped hills sepa- 
rated by deep cut valleys. < >n these hills is seen the rem- 
nant of the Jurassic peneplain; after this peneplain had re- 
ceived its load of Cretaceous sediments and had been raised 
above sea level, streams began to cut into the Cretaceous 
sediments. They wore through them and cut gorges into 
the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont. 
The rocks across which the streams flow are gneisses, 
quartzyte. marble ami schists, closely folded ami faulted. 
They are cut by eruptives which range widely in com- 
position. There are two belts of crystallines separated by 
a cover of Triassic sandstone. 
* Geology of the Virginias, 1884, W. B. Pocehs, p. 296-297. 
tGeol. Surv. of X. Car., 1896, Bull. 11, by Lewis. 
1 Bull. 5, Alabama Surv. 
§ Bull. 2, Geol. Surv. Georgia, on Corundum Deposits. 
|| Bull. 5, Alabama Surv., by Alfred Brooks. 
