272 The American Geologist. xovembeiMooi. 
The terminal faces of the glaciers now in motion vary with 
their position. The most northern are near latitude 41° at Mt. 
Arthur descend to 3,600 and 3,000 feet on the eastern slopes, 
and to 3,000 and 2,700 feet on the western slopes. In the Alps 
the Tannan glacier terminates at the altitude of 2,500 feet; the 
Francis Joseph and Fox glaciers on the west of the slope ter- 
minate at 950 and 734 respectively. Farther south, as 
upon Mt. Earnslaw, the glaciers terminate much hi^ier up and 
diminish in rise. There may be glaciers above latitude 45° un- 
known to mankind because of the lack of exploration. 
THE FIORD REGION. 
In the earlier periods glaciers must have abounded in this 
elevated southwest portion of the island, because of the ex- 
istence there now of numerous fiords. In the New Zealand 
summer (January) steamers visit these fiords or sounds for the 
benefit of tourists. There are thirteen of these interesting 
chasms on the southwest coast stretched over two degrees of 
latitude, the most romantic being IMitford sound. The gen- 
eral altitude of the high plateau is from 4,000 to 5,000 feet, 
while several peaks rise to 7,000 and Q,ooo feet. The excur- 
sion steamer sails from one fiord to another in the night time, 
and the following day is spent in explorations of the interior 
valley. The soundings of the mouths of the fiords indicate 
depths of forty fathoms and less ; but farther in they exceed 
100 fathoms. On the opposite side of the ridge the corres- 
ponding fiords may be recognized in lake Te Anan, ^^lanapouri, 
Wakatipu, Wanaka and Hawea, all of which are true glacial 
lakes formed by the damming of the fiord by terminal moraines. 
There may have been here a difi^erent change of level, because 
the present outlet of the lakes are much higher than the inlets 
to the sounds. 
Plate xxiv represents the present locations of the active gla- 
ciers ; the areaiS) occupied by the ice at the time oif maximum 
glaciation ; the positions of the fiords and glacial lakes, and 
several glacier fans or river deposits, perhaps partly marine. 
The map is defective in that I have been unable to present all 
the glaciers and the extreme limits of the fans and plains. 
There must be a multitude of glaciers northeasterly from the 
region of Mt. Cook, or the southern alps, and possilily a few 
in the snow fields bordering the sounds. 
