Nezv Zealand in the Ice Ag^e. — Hitchcock. 273 
'The most southern important fiord valley is that of the 
Waian river with lakes ]\Ianipouri and Te Anan, supplemented 
at its northern end by the Clinton valley ; a hundred and twelve 
miles long, with four prominent tributaries upon the west side. 
Waian river discharges from lake Manipouri fifty miles from 
the sea. with the altitude of 591 feet. Te Anan is only four 
miles distant from Manipouri, with the altitude of 694 feet. 
Its bottom is 600 feet below the level of the sea. The Clinton 
valley is a gorge after the manner of the Yosemite, about half 
a mile wide, twelve miles long, and with precipitous sides from 
4.000 to 5,000 feet high — the distant peaks rising to 7,000 — 
and the saddle at the bight of land leading to Alilford sound 
is 3,400 above the sea. Several glaciers discharge into the 
Clinton valley. Just beyond are the famous Sutherland falls, 
consisting of three leaps, the upper 815, the middle 751, and 
the lower one 338, giving a total of 1,904 feet, all visible from 
one point of view. 
Wakatipu lake represents the next fiord valley on the south- 
eastern side of the highlands. Its former outlet seems to have 
started at Kingston, and connection made with ]\Iataura river, 
coursing about one hundred miles to the sea. The moraine at 
Kingston is easily made out. At several localities along the 
?\Iataura river ancient extensive flood plains with clear cut 
terraces are in evidence. The lake is fifty miles long and usvially 
two miles wide, in a fiord valley. The surface of the water is 
1069 feet above the sea, and from a few soundings, the bottom 
is proved to lie lower than the present sea level. Embossed 
ledges may be seen at several places, but they are somewhat 
obscure, largely because of the supposed great lapse of time 
since they were covered by the glacier. Mountains like the 
Remarkables border both sides of the lake, rising more than 
6,000 feet above it, and it is easy to see the upper limits of the 
glaciated rocks, reaching up their flanks more than 2,000 feet. 
The surface of the mountain shows the differences between the 
glaciated and unglaciated sections just as in the Swiss alps, 
only they are less clear cut. At Queenstown, about midway of 
the lake, the present outlet through the Kawaran river starts 
out and reaches the Clinton in the distance of twenty-seven 
miles. There are five terraces at the outlet (Frankton) and 
at Queenstown, each about 150 feet high, and at the nnuth of 
