Toronto and Scarboro' Drift Scries. — Uphain. 307 
in his subsequent papers, agrees with Chamberlin, though 
the observations noted seem to be favorable to the opposite 
view which I suggested partly and imperfectly in 1895, in the 
paper before cited, and which, by the more ample data since 
published, I will here endeavor to support more fully. 
My interpretation of the history recorded by this drift 
series in and near to Toronto and Scarboro' refers it to minor 
climatic vicissitudes during a late part of the Wisconsin or 
Champlain epoch. Under either view the alternating glacial 
and interglacial beds belong to the last third, and most prob- 
ably even to the last tenth, of the Glacial period ; and my ex- 
planation places them indeed very near to its end, in compan- 
ionship with the great glacial lakes Agassiz, Warren, Algon- 
quin, and Iroquois. 
Details of the sections of this series, and lists of the fos- 
sils in its interglacial deposits, have been given by Hinde in 
1877, and by Coleman in his several papers of 1894, 1895, 
and 1 90 1. The last of these papers is based largely on the 
report of a comim,ittee of the British Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science, presented at its Bradford meeting, in 
1900, by Prof. Coleman as secretary of the committee, with 
a separate report on the known Pleistocene flora of Canada 
by Prof. D. P. Penhallow. The mollusca were determined 
by Dr. Wilham H. Dall, and the insects by Mr. Samuel H. 
Scudder. The great numbers of species reported far sur- 
pass any other locality of fossiliferous interglacial beds in 
America. 
Coleman writes in his latest paper as follows : 
WARM CLIM.'ME BEDS OF THE DON VALLEY. 
The earliest beds of the Toronto formation were deposited on 
the eroded surface of the lowan till or on the shales which had been 
laid bare beneath it by river action ; and they were formed probably 
in the shallow waters of a lake, though some features suggest the ac- 
tion of currents. At the bend of the Don, coarse, little rounded 
shingle of the harder layers of the underlying Hudson River rocks 
makes the lowest bed visible above the present river, and suggests the 
action of a current rather than of v.aves. Thick sheets of veeetable 
matter, greatlj' decayed twigs, leaves, reeds, etc., with trunks and 
branches of trees, are interbedded with the shingle, however, showing 
that the current could not have been swift. Possibly these beds were 
formed just at the mouth of a small river like the present Don, where 
