330 The American Geologist. NovembeiMooi. 
ner lowland forms the deeper part of the lake. The third cuesta and 
lowland (the Erie) occurs north of the second. 
The Tertiary drainage is supposed to have been to the southwest, 
instead of the northeast as Spencer holds. The principal streams of 
that time are supposed to have been, (i) the Saginaw— whose path is 
indicated in part by Saginaw bay and the deep channel between the In- 
dian peninsula and Grand Manitoulin island, (2) the Dundas, breach- 
ing the Niagara cuesta at Hamilton, Ont., and crossing the Erie low- 
land near Fort Stanley, and (3) for a time, at least, the Genesee, 
though this may later have had a northward course. The subsequent 
streams tributary to these consequents, carved the various lowlands. 
St. David's channel is regarded as an obsequent stream, which was 
accidently discovered by the Niagara. The whirlpool gorge was prob- 
ably, in part, the southward continuation of this stream, and not wholly 
postglacial. 
Professor J. F. Kemp's first paper was on the Nczv Asbestos Re- 
gion in Northern Vermont. He said that asbestos has recently opened 
up on a commercial scale in the towns of Eden, Lamoille Co., and 
Lowell, Orleans Co., Vt. The towns are adjacent, although in dif- 
ferent counties. The asbestos lies from fifteen to twenty-five miles 
north of Hyde Park, a station on the St. Johnsbury and Lake Cham- 
plain R. R. As is quite invariably the case, it occurs in serpentine, 
either in veins, or in matted aggregates along slickensided blocks. The 
serpentine where the best fibre is found lies on the south shoulder of 
Belvedere mountain, and forms an east and west belt. It is bounded 
on the north and west by hornblende-schist, which forms the summit 
of the mountain. The contact on the west is a visibly faulted one, 
and that on the north is probably also of the same sort, because the 
hornblende-schist rises in a steep escarpment. 
The serpentine seems to have been derived from enstatite, since un- 
altered nuclei of this mineral are found in it. The vein asbestos ranges 
from a fibre of microscopic length up to ^ of an inch as thus far ex- 
posed. It is fine and silky and of excellent grade. It would, however, 
be classed as second grade according to the Canadian practice, which 
makes a first grade, of fibre above ^ of an inch (about 2^^^ inches 
being the maximum), and a second grade of ^ in. to ^ in. All be- 
low this and all fibre not vein fibre goes to the mill and is mechanically 
separated, as the third grade. In th^ Vermont localities the slip fibre 
is exposed on the property of the New iingland Co., and of its neigh- 
bor, the American Co. The vein fibre is limited so far as yet opened 
up to the property of Mr. M. E. Tucker and associates. 
It is difficult with the data in Imnd, which were gathered under, 
the direction of Dr. C. W. Hayes, of the U. S. Geological Survey, to 
trace the geological history of the serpentine, but it must have been 
originally either an igneous pyroxenyte, or a richly magnesian siliceous 
limestone. There are such slight traces of calcium-bearing minerals 
however, that the former supposition has the greater weight. The 
hornblende-schist consists of common green hornblende and of an un- 
usual amount of titanite, there being little else than these two present. 
