Manganese in Canada. — Brumell. 81 
the low grade or blast furnace ores than to the highlj' crystalline 
pyrolusite for which the market is restricted. Of the geographi- 
cal position of the ore deposits little need be said bej'ond the fact 
that the worked and, as far as is yet known, the workable deposits 
ai'e all situated within New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Through- 
out these provinces are found many comparatively extensive de- 
posits of the crystalline and serai-crystalline ores, viz: pyrolus- 
ite, manganite and psilomelane, as well as large areas of wad or 
bog — manganese. The crystalline ores are, in the majoritv of 
cases, found in rocks of Lower Carboniferous age, while the bog 
ore deposits, lieing of recent formation, are found overlying rocks 
of any formation from the pre-Cambrian upwards. 
New Brunswick. — In Xew Brunswick the most important de- 
posit of the crystalline ores is that at Markhamville, Sussex, 
Kings Co. , from the workings of which upwards of 20, 000 tons 
have been shipped. The ore deposits are irregular beds, pockets 
and veins in a small area of Carboniferous limestone, on the 
northwest side of which are located the workings. Man}- of these 
ore bodies have attained large dimensions, one of them affordincr 
in the neighborhood of 4,000 tons of manganite with a consider- 
able proportion of pyrolusite. The discovery of manganese at 
this point was made in 18G2, when it was worked b}' Mr. Wm. 
Davidson, of St. John, until 1865, after which the property 
passed into the hands of the Queen Manganese Co., b}- whom it 
was operated under the management of Major A. Markham until 
1889, when it again changed hands and was operated, still under 
Major Markham, by the Pope Manganese Co. Owing to the loca- 
tion of the deposits, in a valley cut through the softer limestones, 
no regular system of mining has been attempted, the operations 
being, until quite recently, altogether in the form of drifts and 
open cuts with which the hill on the north and west side of the 
property is literally honey-comljed. During 1890, however, ex- 
plorations were being made by means of the diamond drill, with 
the result that two deep-seated deposits had been found and were 
being sunk upon. 
Of the ore shipped from this mine two distinct classes are rec- 
ognized, viz: • -Blast furnace ore, ■' consisting almost entirely of 
manganite, and high grade or '-grey ore, ' consisting of pyrolu- 
site. The following analyses are of -'high class manganese ore 
from Markhamville, New Brunswick " and are taken from -The 
