The Scope of Paleontology. — Williams. 165 
he made comparison not only with the species, but with the 
faunas of Brazil collected by Hartt, Derby and Rathbone, and 
of South African and Falkland islands" faunas described hy Salter 
and Sharpe. The most striking evidence of the affinity of these 
several faunas was derived from the stud}' of three rather alnui- 
dant genera of brachiopods; Leptocadia^ Vftidiiuf and Tropido- 
leptus^ genera which I would describe as old type genera for this 
Devonian period, ('. c, preserving the form and general charac- 
teristics of the lower Silurian Orthidae and Strophomenidae but 
assuming the later character of calcified brachial supports of the 
Terfhr<itnlas and Spiri/crida;. This is the case for at least the 
first two genera, and Tr()pld(d<ptus possesses the punctate structure 
characteristic of the Terebratulas. 
Dr. Ulrich observes that Liptocalia is found in North America, 
particularly in the eastern part, in Bolivia, on the Falkland islands 
and in South Africa, but not a single trace of it has been reported 
from the Devonian deposits of the other regions, Europe, Asia 
and Australia, and that the South African and South American 
species reach larger dimensions than those of North America 
(pp. 62, 63). 
A point bearing upon the general discussion, which Ulrich did 
not observe, is the fact that this Leptocoelia fauna extended 
northeastward as far as Quebec, Maine and Acadia, and in this 
region is the terminal marine fauna of the Devonian. There was 
evidently a barrier already separating the European sea from that 
of the Appalachian region, and the connection with the South 
American faunas was by the southwest. This in some measure 
may account for the conspicuous absence of characteristic Euro- 
pean types in the Appalachian Hamilton faunas. 
In regard to the (/enux Vitidina, Dr. Ulrich remarks that it ap- 
pears in America, but is there a rare species in the later Hamil- 
ton, "While'' he sa^-s, -'it is in South America apparently present 
in each of the hitherto discovered Devonian regions, " viz. , the 
province of Para in Brazil, as reported by Rathbone in Coati 
Island, Titicaca lake, according to Agassiz and Garman, the 
province of Sao Paulo, reported liy Derby, Central Brazil b}' 
Smith, and in Bolivia, in several localities, by Steinman, South 
Africa, Sclienk, (pp. 73, 74.) But it is entirely wanting in 
Europe, Asia and Australia. These facts show the type to be 
peculiarly a southern one, but it may still further be remarked 
