3-i(i Ilw Alliei'lefOI (iet)ltXj'i><t. Decembei-, lS!<y 
York.whcrt' rhc t'loiijiatcci t.vpc |)ri'(li(iniiiiit('s. Tlicyliave an even 
more varied development in ea^^tern Wisconsin, extending into the 
northern i)eninsulaof ^Michigan, \vlier(> all varieties, from till tumuli 
to the extremely elongated ridges, arc ahnndaul l_v developed, the 
number of individuals being probably not less than 5,000. About 
1,000 drumlins have been mapped in New Hampshire, about 1,200 in 
Wisconsin, and large numbers in Massachusetts and New York. The 
total number within areas already known probably aggregates 10,000. 
Tliese are almost wiiolly confined to the area of later drift.* 
Throughout a large region farther northwest, comprising Minne- 
sota, northern and central Iowa, South and North Dakota, and 
southern Manitoba, Prof. X. H. Wiuchells and my own explora- 
tion and mapping of the drift and its terminal moraines have 
failed to discover any of the ix'culiarly moulded masses of till 
classed as drumlins. 
Beyond this region, drumlins have been reported only b}' Mr. 
J. li. T^'rrell in lake Winnipegosis, where they form groups of 
lenticular and elongated low islands.! 
Tn Ireland, Scotland, and northern England, drumlins are very 
abundant or frequent on many tracts, as descril)ed by Kinahan, 
Close, James Geikie, and others. It seems probable that they 
will also be found to have a considerable development in northern 
(rermany and northwestern Russia. On the north and west side 
of the Baltic Sea, however, in the region where the European ice- 
sheet was thickest, they are infre([uent or altogether absent, ac- 
cording to Baron de Geer, who, in excursions with me a year ago 
to see the drumlins in the Aicinity of Boston, stated that no sim- 
ilar hills of till have been observed by him in his extensive ex- 
amination of the drift formations of Scandinavia. 
t^iibylncidl iiikI Rdjild Dcjxisiflon s/inini hij Sf riKinri'. — The 
till forming the drundins invariably exhibits the characteristic 
featui'es of subglacial till or ground moraine, excepting its super- 
ficial portion which was cnglacial and snperglacial when the ice- 
sh'jet melted away. + xMany boulders, which are commonly strovvn 
plentifully on the surface of the drumlins, appear to have fallen 
upon them from the receding ice-sheet, together with a stratum 
•"•Proc, A. A. A. S., vol. xxxv, p. 2C4. 
+Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, Annual ll(>p()rt, new series, 
vol. IV, for 1888-89,]). 22 A. Bulletin, G. S. A., vol. i, 1890, p. 402. 
i"Ineciuality of Distribution of the Englacial Drift," Bulletin, (i. 
S. A., vol. in, 1891, pp. 134-148. "Criteria of Englacial and Subglacial 
Drift," Am. Gkolootst, vol. vrii,pp. 376-385, Dec, 1891. 
