Banal Line of fhr ('arhoniferous — Kcye.s. 3n1 
7. Sandy clay shale (2 to 4 inches) 3 
6. Drab or greenish clayey shale '1 
5. Black, fissile clay shale 4 
4. Buff, magnesian limestone, very heavily bedded 10 
3. Compact, white oolite o 
2. Blue clay-shale, with thin bands of impure limestone 60 
1. Heavilj' bedded limestone, exposed 5 
Xo. 1 is the Trenton limestone; 2 the Hudson Kiver shales; 3 
and 4 probably represent the Niagara limestone; the first increas- 
ing rapidl}' in thickness southward, and in a distance of 20 miles 
reaches a vertical measurement of 30 to 40 feet. 5 and 6 are 
probabl}' Devonian, e([uivalent to the "black shale'' of adjoining 
states. Number 7 is a thin seam 2 to 4 inches in thickness and 
highl}' fossiliferous. With few exceptions the '-lithographic" 
fossils come from this layer. Tt probably lielongs more properly 
with lieds 5 to G. Apparent!}' the organic remains are near!}' all 
identical with forms from the Hamilton rocks farther northward. 
Should the union of this thin highly fossiliferous seam to the 
underlying shales be more in harmony with the real relation of 
the faunas of the respective beds, as now seems likely, than with 
the faunas al)Ove. it would remove to a great extent the present 
Devonian facies from the lithographic (Louisiana) limestone. 
8 is the Louisiana limestone, a compact, rather thinh' bedded rock, 
breaking with a conchoidal fracture. It is very poor in fossils. 
Numbers 9 and 10 are the Hannibal shales. 11. the Chouteau 
limestone, with a few fossils. Number 12 is the Burlington 
limestone, with the characteristic basal faunas of the Burlington. 
13 is also the lower Burlington, carrying considerable chert, and 
containing the most prolific fauna in the section. 14, 1.') and IG 
belong to the Burlington limestone; the upper portion containing 
the typical fauna distinctive of the upper division. 
Owen*, who was tiie first to give attention to the geological de- 
tails of the rocks as exi)Osed along the "Father of Waters" above 
the mouth of the Missouri, limited the term "Subcarboniferous, '' 
which hitherto has long been applied to all the strata below the 
Coal Measures as far down as the Hudson River shales, to what is 
now known as the Lower Carboniferous, or .Mississipi)ian series. 
The Louisiana or "Lithographic limestone'" was not included; for 
his "Argillaceous !Marlites'' seem to have been regarded as the 
basal member. 
■='U. S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, p. 92. (1852.) 
