ON FUNGOID DISEASES OF THE VINE. 
91 
may occasionally be found. They consist of small globose perithecia, 
scarcely larger than the point of a pin, studded over the leaves in 
which they are immersed ; often seated in clusters upon bleached 
spots, which in many cases is surrounded by a definite discoloured 
line or border. These small perithecia contain a large number of 
minute, uncoloured spores, at first produced on the tips of short 
delicate threads (sporophores), but soon becoming free, issuing in 
tendrils from a pore at the apex of the perithecium. The 
different genera are mainly constituted from the character 
of the spores. The number of species on plants of all kinds is 
exceedingly numerous, usually appearing’ as the vigour of the 
leaves decline, and it is probable that the maj ority of the species 
are but conditions of some higher fungi, principally of the 
Sphceriacei. TJntil the species to which they belong are satis¬ 
factorily determined nothing remains for us but to treat them as 
autonomous fungi, and recognise them under distinctive names. 
Phyllosticta vitis , Sacc. Professor Saccardo, of Padua, has 
proposed the limitation of the genus Phyllosticta to species with 
ovoid or oblong simple spores ; that of Septoria to species with 
linear or filiform spores, and that of Ascochyta to oblong uniseptate 
spores. The species just named has been doubtfully attributed by 
him to Puckel. It is uncertain whether Puckel has ever described 
or published such a species. It occurs on the leaves of Vitis vini - 
fera , in Italy, forming irregular bleached spots, with a brownish 
margin. The spores resemble those so common in the genus Phoma , 
being elliptical, about *006- , 007 X '003 mm., with a nucleus at 
each extremity. It is found in the autumn, but probably is neither 
common nor destructive. 
Phyllosticta viticola , Sacc & Sp. Is another species which is found 
also on the cultivated Yine, but on less fading green leaves, forming 
smaller and more definite spots, which are whitish in the centre, 
surrounded by a broad purplish margin. In this species the peri¬ 
thecia are scarcely more than half the size of those in the last- 
named, and the spores are shorter *005 x '0025 mm., at length 
having an olivaceous tinge. Even in external appearance the two 
species are manifestly distinct, and may be distinguished from each 
other by the unaided eye. This also is an autumnal species, and 
there is no account of its being destructive. Under the name of 
Phyllosticta vitis a species has been attributed to Desmazieres, but 
of this we have no knowledge. 
Septoria viticola , Berk. & Curt. This is a North American 
