COOPERATIVE BULL ASSOCIATIONS. 
31 
munity. On the, other hand if lie is kept in excellent condition it 
is the best local advertisement that an association can have. The 
directors therefore should not hesitate to demand that the bull be 
properly kept, and if the keeper fails in his duty they should obtain 
another. By the use of tact the necessary attention can be obtained 
from the keeper or the bull changed to another keeper without caus¬ 
ing any bad feeling. 
In some associations it is the practice of the directors to make an 
automobile trip several times a year lo visit all the bulls in the indi¬ 
vidual blocks. This practice is an excellent one, has a good influ¬ 
ence on the keeper, and keeps the directors in close touch with the 
association. 
It may mean that to require a member to report the presence of 
contagious disease in his herd works a hardship by temporarily 
depriving him of the benefits of the association. While it may be a 
temporary hardship, it is the only method of insuring the associa¬ 
tion against a much greater loss caused by the spread of disease. If 
this requirement is not closely followed, contagious disease may 
quickly spread to all the herds in a block and in the course of time 
throughout the association. If this provision is properly carried 
out, it is known when the herds are free from disease and when 
they are not, which allows the members to deal with one another with 
perfect confidence. The high standard of health which the asso¬ 
ciation attains by this method attracts buyers and more than com- 
pensates the individual for the temporary sacrifice which may be 
necessary to free the herd of disease.] 
Sec. 7.— Service. The bull shall not be allowed loose with any cow which 
has not passed a tuberculin test satisfactorily within one year, but shall be 
held upon the leash to prevent any unnecessary contact. Only one satisfactory 
leap shall be permitted at each service. 
No bull shall serve more than two cows in a day, nor more than seven in a 
week, nor more than seventy-five in one year. 
Sec. 8 .—Breeding regulations. The keeper of an association bull shall not 
allow him to be used for service of cows belonging to any member of the asso¬ 
ciation who is not a member of his particular block without written permis¬ 
sion from the board of directors, signed by the president or secretary. Service 
shall not be allowed to cows owned by nonmembers. Heifers shall not be bred 
to calve under 24 months of age. 
Sec. 9 .—Outside breeding of subscribed cows. A member may breed his cows 
to pure-bred bulls of the same breed outside the association, but in such case he 
shall pay $_to the association for each cow that is bred outside. 
[So much depends upon the individuality of each bull that no 
strict rule can be laid down as to the amount of service which may 
be allowed. The directors must exercise their best judgment, and 
by keeping close watch of each bull make such regulations as will 
keep him in good health and vigor. A good bull, especially when 
