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FARMERS ^ BULLETIN 993. 
The preliminary, agreement was purposely made to express the 
desire to form an association without placing any obligations on 
the signers. The signing of the constitution and by-laws makes the 
organization permanent. The directors make final arrangements for 
blocks, select the bulls, and arrange the finances. 
It is improbable that in one meeting the program outlined can be 
completed. When another meeting is necessary to complete the 
program the time and place should be determined before adjourn¬ 
ment of the first meeting. 
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. 
A cooperative bull association should preferably be organized 
under the local State law regulating cooperative associations. If no 
such State law exists it is advisable to have the association incor¬ 
porated. Either of these forms of organization is desirable in order 
that the liability of individual members or stockholders for the debts 
of the entire undertaking may be limited as provided by local laws. 
Otherwise the organization would legally be considered a partner¬ 
ship, whereupon each member would be individually as well as col¬ 
lectively responsible for all liabilities of the organization. 
It is advisable that prior to organizing the undertaking an attor¬ 
ney should be consulted in order that the organization shall meet all 
the requirements of the State law. 
The following constitution and by-laws are given as a guide for 
forming a bull association : 1 
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION, OR CONSTITUTION. 
PREAMBLE. 
We, the undersigned, incorporated under the provisions of act No. _ of 
the laws of the State of _J._, entitled_ , 
and the acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto, do hereby make, 
execute, adopt, and sign the following articles of association and by-laws, 
to wit: 
[Since each State has its own incorporation laws, the papers of 
incorporation and the constitution and by-laws must be drawn up to 
conform to the laws of the State. The preamble is so worded that 
there can be no mistake about the State laws under which the associa¬ 
tion is incorporated.] 
Article I. Name. 
The name by which this association shall lie known is the _* _ 
Bull Association. 
[While the association name may seem to be of little importance, a 
fitting one may be of considerable benefit. The post office of the place 
i Copies may be obtained by writing to the Dairy Division, United States Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 
