COOPERATIVE BULL ASSOCIATIONS. 
9 
whose dams are in the advanced registry. If the best bulls were 
used to their full capacity in pure-bred herds, and if only good 
pure-bred bulls were used in the ordinary dairy herds, the income 
from the dairy business could be vastly increased. If possible, all 
bulls used should be from advanced-registry dams with a butterfat 
record of not less than 400 pounds. The dams should be from high- 
producing ancestors. The bull should always be superior to the best 
cows in the herd, and all cows should be well bred and carefully 
selected. 
IMPROVEMENTS DUE TO SIRE. 
Few organizations have been in operation long enough for the 
producing daughters of an association bull to be compared with 
their dams. The following figures, however, received from an asso¬ 
ciation at New Windsor, Md., show the improvement due to the sire: 
Average butterfat production of daughters of association 
that of their dams. 
Bull No. 1: 
7 daughters _ 
7 dams _ 
bulls compared with 
Fat average 
(pounds). 
_ 270.5 
_ 208. 3 
Increase_ 62. 2 
i I 
Bull No. 2: 
7 daughters_281. 6 
7 dams_ 226. 4 
Increase___ 55. 2 
Bull No. 3: 
2 daughters _,. — _---- 369. 5 
2 dams _ 254. 0 
Increase_115. 5 
Fourteen out of 1G daughters excelled their dams, the average in¬ 
crease of the daughters over dams being 30 per cent. y The increase 
of the daughters of the good bulls mentioned above occurred with 
remarkable regularity. On the other hand, a poor bull decreases the 
production of his daughters. 
Note the following results of using a scrub bull: 
The dam produced---145 pounds of fat. 
The daughters of the bull and this dam produced - 126 pounds of fat. 
The granddaughter of the bull produced - 99 pounds of fat. 
It is only when the lifetime-production records of all his daughters 
are compared with those of their dams that the full value of the bull’s 
services to one generation can be known. In addition his influence 
on the herd will be noticeable for many generations. This illustrates 
the great value of a good bull. The damage done by an inferior bull 
66543°—18—Bull. 993-2 
