IX 
Preface 
of Newfoundland assured me that it was a common habit of killing 
caribou among the big white wolves with which he was familiar. 
To show that the peculiar habit is not confined to any one sec¬ 
tion, I quote here from the sworn statements of three other eye¬ 
witnesses. The first is superintendent of the Algonquin National 
Park, a man who has spent a lifetime in the North Woods and 
who has at present an excellent opportunity for observing wild- 
animal habits ; the second is an educated Sioux Indian ; the third 
is a geologist and mining engineer, now practicing his profession 
in Philadelphia. 
Algonquin Park, Ontario, 
August 31, 1907. 
This certifies that during the past thirty years spent in our Canadian 
wilds, I have seen several animals killed by our large timber wolves. In 
the winter of 1903 1 saw two deer thus killed on Smoke Lake, Nipissing, 
Ontario. One deer was bitten through the front chest, the other just 
behind the foreleg. In each case there was no other wound on the body. 
[Signed] G. W. Bartlett, Superintendent . 
I certify that I lived for twenty years in northern Nebraska and Dakota, 
in a region where timber wolves were abundant. ... I saw one horse that 
had just been killed by a wolf. The front of his chest was torn open to the 
heart. There was no other wound on the body. I once watched a wolf 
kill a stray horse on the open prairie. He kept nipping at the hind legs, 
making the horse turn rapidly till he grew dizzy and fell down. Then the 
wolf snapped or bit into his chest. . . . The horse died in a few moments. 
[Signed] Stephen Jones (Hepidan). 
I certify that in November, 1900, while surveying in Wyoming, my party 
saw two wolves chase a two-year-old colt over a cliff some fifteen or sixteen 
feet high. I was on the spot with two others immediately after the incident 
occurred. The only injuries to the colt, aside from a broken leg, were deep 
lacerations made by wolf fangs in the chest behind the foreshoulder. In 
addition to this personal observation I have frequently heard from hunters, 
herders, and cowboys that big wolves frequently kill deer and other animals 
by snapping at the chest. [Signed] F. S. Pusey. . 
