APPENDIX. 
4X5 
Ear'ed.—Having lengthened or highly colored auricular or other feathers on the 
side of the head. 
Ear-tufts.—Erectile tufts of elongated feathers springing from each side of the crown 
or torehead, and presenting a close superficial resemblance to the external ears 
of many mammalia. They are especially characteristic of certain ow r ls. 
( Strigidce ). 
Edg'ed.—Having the edge or lateral margin of a different color. 
Edge of wing.—The anterior border of the wing, from the armpit to the base of the 
outer primary. 
Ei'evated.—Said of the hind toe when inserted above the level of the others. 
Elon gate.—Lengthened beyond the usual ratio. 
( An emarginate tail has the middle feather shortest, the rest suc- 
Emarg'inate. ] cessively a little longer; hence our emarginate tail is very 
Emarg'inated. j slightly forked. An emarginate quill has the web suddenly nar- 
^ rowed by an abrupt cutting away of the edge. 
Excres'cence.—Outgrowth, fleshy, or cutaneous. 
'Ey've } 
J , . * > The nest of a bird of prey, especially an eagle. 
F. 
Fa cial. —Pertaining to the face. 
Fal'cate. —Sickle-shaped ; scythe-shaped. 
Fam ily.—A systematic group in scientific classification, embracing a greater or less 
number of genera w hich agree in certain characters not shared by other birds 
of the same Order. In rank, a Family stands between Order and Genus , the 
former being composed of a greater or less number of nearly related families. 
In zoological nomenclature the name of a Family is taken from a typical Ge¬ 
nus, the name of which is modified by the termination idee ; as Falconidce , Co- 
lumbidce , etc. Subfamilies are distinguished by the termination ince. 
Fau'na. —The animal-life of a country or locality. 
Ferrugin eous. £ R us ty. r ed ; like color of iron-rust. 
Ferruginous. ‘ 
Fil ament.—A slender or thread-like fibre. 
Flanks—The most posterior feathers of sides. 
Fore'head. ) j? ron ^ G f head from bill to crown. 
Front. S 
Fore'neck.—A rather indefinite and arbitrary term, variously applied, but usually 
referring to the lower throat and jugulum, though not infrequently to the 
whole of the space included by the chin, throat and jugulum. In long-necked 
birds only does the term become of definite application. 
Form.— In a special sense, a sort of non-committal term frequently used by modern 
writers to designate what is of doubtful rank. The term “form” is thus used 
lor what may prove to be a species, or may be only a race, but as to the rank 
of which the author is in doubt. 
Fos sa._A ditch or groove. Used chiefly in the plural ( Fossce ) to denote the pits or 
grooves in which most birds’ nostrils open. 
Fos ter parent.— A bird which has reared the young of a parasitic species. 
Front'al.—Pertaining to the forehead. 
Frugiv'orous. —Fruit-eating. 
Fulig'inous. —Sooty brown, or dark smoke-color. 
Ful vous.— Of a brownish-yellow color ; tawny. 
Fur'ca* e— Forked. 
Fus'cous.— Dark-brown, of a rather indefinite . 
