APPENDIX. 
423 
Tail.— See cauda. 
Tail-eov erts.— The most posterior feathers of the body, or those which immediately 
cover the basal portion of the tail. 
Tar sal. —Relating the tarsus. 
Tar sus. In descriptive ornithology, the leg of a bird, or that portion from the foot 
(that is, the toes) to the hetl joint. 
Taw ny—The color of tanned leather. 
Tax idermist.—A person who prepares and preserves the skins of animals, with the 
view to imitate their appearance in life. 
Taxid ermy.—Art oi preparing and preserving skins so as to represent the appear¬ 
ance of the living animal. 
Ter minal.— At the end. 
Te r'tials. 
Ter'tiaries 
Properly, the inner quills of the wing, growing from the elbow or 
humerus and usually more or less concealed (in the closed wing) 
by the longer scapulars. Frequently, however, the graduated inner 
secondaries are incorrectly so-called, especially when distinguished, 
( as they very often are, by different, color, size, or shape. 
Thorac'ic.—Pertaining to the chest or thorax. 
Tho rax.—The chest; segment of the body enclosed by ribs, sternum (breast-bone), 
and certain vertebrae, containing heart and lungs. 
Throat.—In descriptive ornithology, the space between the rami of the lower jaw, 
including alsoa small portion of the upper part of the foreneck. 
Tib ia.—Principal and inner bone of leg between knee and heel; but in descriptive 
ornithology, called “thigh.” 
Tib'ial.—Pertaining to the tibia. 
To'mium.—The cutting-edge of the mandibles. Plural tomia. 
Toti pal'mate.—Having all four toes webbed. 
Transverse'.—Crosswise ; in direction at right angle with longitudinal axis of the 
body. 
Tridac'tyle.—Three-toed. 
Trino mial.—Composed of three names. In Biology, a name composed ol three 
terms,—a generic, a specific, and a subspecific. 
Trun'cate—Cut squarely off. 
Type.—Of various significations in ornithology. The type of a genus is that species 
from which the generic characters have been taken, or which is specified as 
the standard ; the type of a species is the particular specimen from which the 
species was originally described. The type, or typical, form of a group is that 
which answers best to the diagnosis of that group. 
U. 
Un'der Parts. —The entire lower surface of a bird, from chin to crissum, inclusive. 
Un guis. —A claw. 
Up per Parts. —The entire upper surface, from forehead to tail, inclusive. 
U-shaped. —Having the form of the letter U. 
V. 
Vane.— The whole of a feather excepting the stem. 
Vari'etal. —Pertaining to or having the characteristics of a variety. 
Vari'ety.—Properly, an individual or unusual and irregular variation from the nor¬ 
mal type of form or coloration, as the various breads or “strains” of domestic 
animals. But the term is often, though improperly, applied to subspecies, or 
geographical races. 
Vent.—The anus. 
Vent ral.—Pertaining to the belly. 
Vent ral Re'gion. —The feathers surrounding or immediately adjacent to the vent 
