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BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
Venn icul ate. \ 
Vermie'ulated. > Marked with irregular fine lines, like the tracks of small worms. 
Vei inic'ulation. ) 
Ver'inifrom.—Shaped like a worm ; as a woodpecker’s tongue. 
Vermil ion.— A very fine red color, lighter and less rosy than carmine, and not so 
pure or rich as scarlet. 
Ver'nal. — Pertaining to spring. 
Vibris sa — Bristly or bristle-tipped feather about the mouth of a bird. 
Vina'eeous.—A brownish pink, or delicate brownish-purple color, like wine-dregs; 
a soft delicate wine-colored pink or purple. 
Violet. > a purplish-blue color, like the petals of a violet. 
Viola'ceous. ) 
Vis'ceral.—Pertaining to the viscera. 
Vis'cus.—Any interior organ of the body, but especially of the digestive system. 
The stomach is a viscus; the intestines are viscera. 
V-shaped.—Having the form of the letter V. 
W. 
Wash ed. —As it overlaid with a thin layer of different color. 
Wa'ved.—Marked with narrow undulating lines of color. 
Web —The thin part or vane of a feather on either side of the shaft. 
Whis'kered.—Having lengthened or bristly feathers on the cheeks. 
Z. 
Zone. —A broad band of color, completely encircling the circumference of a body. 
Zoolog ical. —Pertaining to zoology. 
Zodi'i gy.— Natural history of animals, of which ornithology is one department. 
Zygodac'tyle. —Yoke-toed ; having the toes in pairs, two before and two behind. 
