446 
BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA 
Colinus virginianus. Quail (104-106). An abundant resident. The stomachs of 
several quail which were shot in the months of October and November, 1888, were 
examined by me and found to be full of the seeds of rag-weed.* T'he stomach of one 
shot in March, 1889, contained large black seeds and pieces.of cabbage. 
Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse (104, 107-109). Resident; some years very 
plentiful. Have on several occasions observed these birds in weed fields that were 
fully half a mile from any woodland. It appears to wander at times away from the 
woods in search of gravel and the seeds of particular kinds of weeds. The food ol 
the Ruffed Grouse in this locality, seems to consist chiefly of dogwood berries when 
they can be obtained ; insects are also fed upon to some extent during the summer. 
Ectopistes migratorius. Wild Pigeon (111-113;. A rare straggler. October 16, 
1888, I observed a fair-sized flock of these birds feeding in a field near Beaver. 
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. Fish haWk (142, 143). Not known to breed, but 
occasionally seen flying up and down the Ohio river. 
Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Black-billed Cuckoo (161). Tolerably common 
summer resident, but less numerous than the yellow-billed species. Breeds in brier 
patches and thickets. 
Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Red-headed Woodpecker (172, 173). Common 
summer resident. Saw four of these birds February 28, 1891. 
Quiscalus quiscula ceneus. Bronzed Grackle (224). Common summer resident. 
I have seen the Crow Blackbird rob a Baltimore Oriole’s nest, and after devouring 
the eggs, attack the Orioles and drive them quite a distance from their home. Very 
little damage is done to crops in this locality by the Grackle. 
Cardinalis cardinalis. Cardinal (245, 246). Tolerably common resident. 
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides.] White-rumped Shrike (260-262). Rare 
summer resident. I have found one or two nests of this bird in the county. 
Dendroica coroncita. Myrtle Warbler (281, 282). A regular migrant and supposed 
to winter here. 
Dendroica ccerulea. Cerulean Warbler (269,284). Summer resident; common 
in spring but rather rare in summer. 
Seiurus motacilla. Louisiana Water Thrush (271, 295). Tolerably common in 
summer. 
Birds of Allegheny County. 
[Through the courtesy of Dr. A. D. Johnston, of Allegheny City, the author has 
been permitted to make the subjoined extracts from the Doctor’s unpublished field 
notes. The numbers in parentheses, after the common names, refer to other pages 
in this volume, where additional information concerning the bird will be found.] 
Botaurus lentiginosus. American Bittern (55, 56). Regular spring and fall mi¬ 
grant. 
Botaurus exilis. Least Bittern (56, 57). Straggler. William M. Boyd captured 
one at McVille, in Armstrong county. 
Ardea ccerulea. Little Blue Heron (62, 63). A straggler of this species was taken 
by William H. Keener above Freeport, in Armstrong county, in 1886. It wore the 
adult blue phase. 
Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Red-headed Woodpecker (172, 173). Resident. 
Have often seen them storing acorns under the bark of the shellbark hickory, which 
stores they would visit daily throughout the winter. 
Empidonax minimus. Least Flycatcher (197). Breeds abundantly in this county. 
Bunco hyemalis. Snowbird(240). Resident. 
Passerella iliaca. Fox Sparrow (243, 244). Migrant; stragglers are occasionally 
seen in winter. 
Cardinalis cardinalis. Cardinal (245, 246). Found throughout the year along 
the Allegheny river in Allegheny, Westmoreland and Armstrong counties. 
* Ambrosia artemisicefolia, Linn. 
t Mr. Todd writes me that he has never met with any shrike other than the Great Northern (L. bore¬ 
alis) in Butler county.—B. H. Warren. 
